Mutuku Christopher, Melegh Szilvia, Kovacs Krisztina, Urban Peter, Virág Eszter, Heninger Reka, Herczeg Robert, Sonnevend Ágnes, Gyenesei Attila, Fekete Csaba, Gazdag Zoltan
Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jun 7;11(6):776. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060776.
Antimicrobials in wastewater promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance, facilitated by selective pressure and transfer of resistant genes. Enteric bacteria belonging to , , , and species ( = 126) from hospital effluents and proximate wastewater treatment plant were assayed for susceptibility to four antimicrobial classes. The β-lactamase encoding genes harbored in plasmids were genotyped and the plasmids were sequenced. A multidrug resistance phenotype was found in 72% ( = 58) of isolates, 70% ( = 43) of species isolates, and 40% ( = 25) of and species. Moreover, 86% ( = 50) of , 77% ( = 33) of species, and 25% ( = 4) of species isolates phenotypically expressed extended spectrum β-lactamase. Regarding ESBL genes, and were found in while species harbored , , or . Genes coding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, adenylyltransferases (, phosphotransferases (, acetyltransferases (, (), sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistant dihydropteroate synthase (), dihydrofolate reductase (), and quinolone resistance protein () were also identified. Monitoring wastewater from human sources for acquired resistance in clinically important bacteria may provide a cheaper alternative in regions facing challenges that limit clinical surveillance.
废水中的抗菌药物会在选择性压力和抗性基因转移的推动下，促使抗生素耐药性的出现。对来自医院废水和附近污水处理厂的属于、、、和种的肠道细菌（= 126）进行了四种抗菌药物类别的敏感性检测。对质粒中携带的β-内酰胺酶编码基因进行基因分型并对质粒进行测序。在分离株的72%（= 58）、种分离株的70%（= 43）以及和种的40%（= 25）中发现了多重耐药表型。此外，分离株的86%（= 50）、种的77%（= 33）以及种的25%（= 4）在表型上表达了超广谱β-内酰胺酶。关于超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因，在中发现了和，而种携带了、或。还鉴定出了编码氨基糖苷修饰酶、腺苷酸转移酶（、磷酸转移酶（、乙酰转移酶（、（）、磺胺/甲氧苄啶耐药二氢蝶酸合酶（、二氢叶酸还原酶（以及喹诺酮抗性蛋白（的基因。监测来自人类源的废水以检测临床上重要细菌中的获得性耐药性，对于面临限制临床监测挑战的地区而言可能提供一种更经济的替代方法。
