Grup d'Oncologia Ginecològica i Peritoneal, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital HM Rosaleda, 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Biomolecules. 2022 Jun 4;12(6):784. doi: 10.3390/biom12060784.
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. To date, and despite the advances in conventional treatment options, therapy in cancer is still far from optimal due to the non-specific systemic biodistribution of antitumor agents. The inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site led to an increased incidence of multiple drug resistance and the appearance of many severe undesirable side effects. Nanotechnology, through the development of nanoscale-based pharmaceuticals, has emerged to provide new and innovative drugs to overcome these limitations. In this review, we provide an overview of the approved nanomedicine for cancer treatment and the rationale behind their designs and applications. We also highlight the new approaches that are currently under investigation and the perspectives and challenges for nanopharmaceuticals, focusing on the tumor microenvironment and tumor disseminate cells as the most attractive and effective strategies for cancer treatments.
癌症是全球主要死亡原因之一。迄今为止，尽管常规治疗选择有所进步，但由于抗肿瘤药物的非特异性全身生物分布，癌症治疗仍然远非理想。肿瘤部位的药物浓度不足导致多药耐药性的发生率增加，并出现许多严重的不良副作用。纳米技术通过开发基于纳米尺度的药物为克服这些限制提供了新的创新药物。在这篇综述中，我们概述了已批准用于癌症治疗的纳米药物及其设计和应用的原理。我们还强调了目前正在研究的新方法以及纳米药物的前景和挑战，重点关注肿瘤微环境和肿瘤播散细胞作为癌症治疗最有吸引力和有效的策略。
