Goryanin Igor, Ovchinnikov Lev, Vesnin Sergey, Ivanov Yuri
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-049, Japan.
School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jun 19;12(6):1498. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12061498.
Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) is a measurement technique based on the detection of passive radiation in the microwave spectrum of different objects. When in equilibrium, this radiation is known to be proportional to the thermodynamic temperature of an emitting body. We hypothesize that living systems feature other mechanisms of emission that are based on protein unfolding and water rotational transitions. To understand the nature of these emissions, microwave radiometry was used in several in vitro experiments. In our study, we performed pilot measurements of microwave emissions from egg whites during denaturation induced by ethanol. Egg whites comprise 10% proteins, such as albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins. We observed a novel phenomenon: microwave emissions changed without a corresponding change in the water's thermodynamic temperature. We also found striking differences between microwave emissions and thermodynamic temperature kinetics. Therefore, we hypothesize that these two processes are unrelated, contrary to what was thought before. It is known that some pathologies such as stroke or brain trauma feature increased microwave emissions. We hypothesize that this phenomenon originates from protein denaturation and is not related to the thermodynamic temperature. As such, our findings could explain the reason for the increase in microwave emissions after trauma and post mortem for the first time. These findings could be used for the development of novel diagnostics methods. The MWR method is inexpensive and does not require fluorescent or radioactive labels. It can be used in different areas of basic and applied pharmaceutical research, including in kinetics studies in biomedicine.
被动微波辐射测量技术（MWR）是一种基于检测不同物体微波频谱中被动辐射的测量技术。当处于平衡状态时，这种辐射已知与发射体的热力学温度成正比。我们假设生物系统具有基于蛋白质解折叠和水旋转跃迁的其他发射机制。为了了解这些发射的本质，在几个体外实验中使用了微波辐射测量技术。在我们的研究中，我们对乙醇诱导变性过程中的蛋清微波发射进行了初步测量。蛋清包含10%的蛋白质，如白蛋白、粘蛋白和球蛋白。我们观察到一个新现象：微波发射发生了变化，而水的热力学温度却没有相应变化。我们还发现微波发射和热力学温度动力学之间存在显著差异。因此，我们假设这两个过程是不相关的，这与之前的想法相反。已知一些病症，如中风或脑外伤，其微波发射会增加。我们假设这种现象源于蛋白质变性，与热力学温度无关。因此，我们的发现首次可以解释创伤后和死后微波发射增加的原因。这些发现可用于开发新的诊断方法。MWR方法成本低廉，不需要荧光或放射性标记。它可用于基础和应用药物研究的不同领域，包括生物医学的动力学研究。
