Hwang SungHo, Hwang JiWon, Jeong HyeonCheol
College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.
College of Nursing, Kyungdong University, Wonju 24695, Korea.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Jun 1;10(6):1022. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10061022.
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on cognitive therapy and to improve social support programs for the elderly with dementia by identifying the difficulties they experienced in emotional communication by identifying how they recognized emotions in verbal reactions to facial expressions using Ekman's photographs of facial expressions and comparing their responses with the general elderly population. There were 141 participants in this study. Data collection was conducted from 3 April 2019 to 30 June 2019 in Seoul, in the Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do provinces of South Korea. This study performed descriptive research in which subjects made participative decisions with their guardian through recruitment. The tools used in this study included a general characteristic questionnaire and the Ekman 6 facial expressions photographs tool, which underwent intensive validity studies. The collected data were analyzed using the R version 3.5.1 statistic computing platform. The ability of the elderly with dementia to associate verbal expressions with facial expressions differed from that of the general elderly population. The rates of correct associations of verbal expressions to facial expressions were similar across dementia grades. There was a significant difference in the proportion of correct associations between positive and negative emotions in the elderly with dementia compared to the general elderly population. In the elderly with dementia, pictures showing fear, anger, and disgust had higher wrong rates of incorrect answers than correct answers. The average score of elderly with dementia in associating verbal expressions with six facial expressions was 2.69, which was even lower when they were asked to associate verbal expressions with pictures showing facial expressions of anger or disgust. This study shows that elderly persons with dementia have difficulties identifying two negative emotions (anger, disgust) and find it much easier to identify a positive emotion of happiness represented by a smiling face. Since the ability of the elderly with dementia to interpret verbal expressions to facial expressions was different from that of the general elderly population, careful attention and consideration are needed to support and communicate emotions to the elderly with dementia.
本研究的目的是通过使用艾克曼面部表情照片，识别老年痴呆症患者在对面部表情的言语反应中识别情绪的方式，确定他们在情感交流中遇到的困难，并将他们的反应与一般老年人群进行比较，从而提供有关认知疗法的基础数据，并改善针对老年痴呆症患者的社会支持项目。本研究共有141名参与者。数据收集于2019年4月3日至2019年6月30日在韩国首尔、京畿道和江原道进行。本研究采用描述性研究，受试者通过招募与监护人做出参与性决定。本研究使用的工具包括一份一般特征问卷和经过深入效度研究的艾克曼6种面部表情照片工具。收集到的数据使用R 3.5.1版本的统计计算平台进行分析。老年痴呆症患者将言语表达与面部表情联系起来的能力与一般老年人群不同。言语表达与面部表情的正确关联率在不同痴呆等级中相似。与一般老年人群相比，老年痴呆症患者在积极情绪和消极情绪的正确关联比例上存在显著差异。在老年痴呆症患者中，显示恐惧、愤怒和厌恶的图片错误答案率高于正确答案率。老年痴呆症患者将言语表达与六种面部表情联系起来的平均得分是2.69，当要求他们将言语表达与显示愤怒或厌恶面部表情的图片联系起来时得分更低。本研究表明，老年痴呆症患者在识别两种负面情绪（愤怒、厌恶）方面存在困难，而识别由笑脸代表的积极情绪——幸福则要容易得多。由于老年痴呆症患者将言语表达解读为面部表情的能力与一般老年人群不同，因此在支持老年痴呆症患者并与他们进行情感交流时需要格外关注和考虑。
