CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 11;19(12):7184. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127184.
The idea that proficiency in the fundamental movement skills (FMS) is necessary for the development of more complex motor skills (i.e., the proficiency barrier) and to promote health-enhancing physical activity and health-related physical fitness levels is widespread in the literature of motor development. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study assessing whether children presenting proficiency below a specified proficiency barrier would demonstrate difficulty in improving performance in more complex skills-even when subjected to a period of practice in these complex skills. The present study tested this. Eighty-five normal children (44 boys) aged 7 to 10 years participated in the study. The intervention took place during 10 consecutive classes, once a week, lasting 40 min each. Six FMS (running, hopping, leaping, kicking, catching and stationary dribbling) and one transitional motor skill (TMS) (speed dribbling skill) were assessed. The results showed that only those who showed sufficient proficiency in running and stationary dribbling before the intervention were able to show high performance values in the TMS after intervention. In addition, in line with recent propositions, the results show that the basis for development of the TMS was specific critical components of the FMS and that the barrier can be captured through a logistic function. These results corroborate the proficiency barrier hypothesis and highlight that mastering the critical components of the FMS is a necessary condition for motor development.
运动技能发展文献中广泛认为，基本运动技能（FMS）的熟练掌握对于更复杂运动技能的发展（即熟练障碍）以及促进促进健康的身体活动和与健康相关的身体适应水平是必要的。尽管如此，据我们所知，尚无研究评估表现出低于特定熟练障碍水平的儿童在更复杂技能的表现提高方面是否会遇到困难-即使他们在这些复杂技能上进行了一段时间的练习。本研究对此进行了测试。85 名正常儿童（44 名男孩）年龄在 7 至 10 岁之间参加了研究。干预措施在连续 10 节课中进行，每周一次，每次 40 分钟。评估了六项 FMS（跑、跳、跃、踢、接和静止运球）和一项过渡性运动技能（TMS）（运球速度技能）。结果表明，只有那些在干预前在跑步和静止运球方面表现出足够熟练的人，才能在干预后在 TMS 中表现出高绩效值。此外，与最近的观点一致，结果表明，TMS 的发展基础是 FMS 的特定关键组成部分，并且可以通过逻辑函数来捕获障碍。这些结果证实了熟练障碍假说，并强调掌握 FMS 的关键组成部分是运动发展的必要条件。
