Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Institute of Educational Sciences and Cultural Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 16;19(12):7423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127423.
Regular physical activity from an early age is an important part of a healthy life because if we incorporate exercise early into our lifestyle, we are more likely to maintain our commitment to sport into adulthood and even throughout our lives. In our research, we used the PERSIST 2019 database, which contains data from students at higher education institutions in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, and Serbia. We used factor analysis to isolate four sports motivation factors (intrinsic, introjected, extrinsic, and amotivation). Factors influencing the different types were measured using linear regression analysis, involving the variables in four models. The results show that the effects of the sociodemographic variables are significant for gender, country, and mother's job, especially in terms of intrinsic, introjected, and extrinsic motivation. The role of coping is salient for health awareness factors, with a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on the other types. The impacts of quality of education and support are typically negative, while the positive effect of satisfaction with infrastructure is noteworthy. The effect of persistence in sport on intrinsic and introjected motivation is positive. Frequency of training increases intrinsic motivation, while practical sport embeddedness generates extrinsic motivation. In terms of relationships, a mainly teacher-oriented network within the institution typically has a negative effect on intrinsic motivation, while peer relationships outside the institution typically increase intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation. Academic persistence has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on introjected motivation. Our research highlights the complexity of factors influencing sport motivation and the role of coping, which typically remains strong when relationship-related variables are included. In addition, we must emphasise the dominant role of relationship network patterns, which may even reduce commitment to sport.
从幼年开始进行有规律的身体活动是健康生活的重要组成部分，因为如果我们在生活方式早期就融入运动，我们更有可能在成年后甚至一生都保持对运动的承诺。在我们的研究中，我们使用了 PERSIST 2019 数据库，该数据库包含了来自匈牙利、斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚、乌克兰和塞尔维亚高等教育机构学生的数据。我们使用因子分析来分离出四个运动动机因素（内在动机、内摄动机、外在动机和动机缺失）。使用线性回归分析来测量影响不同类型的因素，涉及四个模型中的变量。结果表明，社会人口统计学变量对性别、国家和母亲的工作有显著影响，特别是对内在动机、内摄动机和外在动机有影响。应对的作用对于健康意识因素很重要，对内在动机有积极影响，对其他类型有消极影响。教育质量和支持的影响通常是负面的，而对基础设施满意度的积极影响值得注意。运动坚持对内在动机和内摄动机的影响是积极的。训练频率增加内在动机，而实践运动嵌入则产生外在动机。在人际关系方面，机构内主要以教师为导向的网络通常对内在动机有负面影响，而机构外的同伴关系通常会增加内在和外在的运动动机。学业坚持对内在动机有积极影响，对内摄动机有消极影响。我们的研究强调了影响运动动机的因素的复杂性以及应对的作用，当包括关系相关变量时，应对的作用通常仍然很强。此外，我们必须强调关系网络模式的主导作用，这甚至可能降低对运动的承诺。
