Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 15;23(12):6655. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126655.
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. With age, an impairment of structures, quality characteristics, and functions of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the skin, which leads to disrupted functioning of dermal fibroblasts (DFs), the main cells supporting morphofunctional organization of the skin. The DF functioning directly depends on the state of the surrounding collagen matrix (CM). The intact collagen matrix ensures proper adhesion and mechanical tension in DFs, which allows these cells to maintain collagen homeostasis while ECM correctly regulates cellular processes. When the integrity of CM is destroyed, mechanotransduction is disrupted, which is accompanied by impairment of DF functioning and destruction of collagen homeostasis, thereby contributing to the progression of aging processes in skin tissues. This article considers in detail the processes of skin aging and associated changes in the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms of these processes at the molecular level.
皮肤老化是一个多因素的过程，几乎影响皮肤生物学和功能的各个方面。随着年龄的增长，皮肤中的真皮细胞外基质 (ECM) 的结构、质量特性和功能受损，导致真皮成纤维细胞 (DF) 的功能障碍，DF 是支持皮肤形态和功能组织的主要细胞。DF 的功能直接取决于周围胶原基质 (CM) 的状态。完整的胶原基质确保了 DF 中的适当粘附和机械张力，这使这些细胞能够在 ECM 正确调节细胞过程的同时维持胶原的动态平衡。当 CM 的完整性被破坏时，机械转导被打乱，随之而来的是 DF 功能障碍和胶原动态平衡的破坏，从而促进皮肤组织中衰老过程的进展。本文详细讨论了皮肤老化过程以及皮肤各层的相关变化，以及这些过程在分子水平上的机制。
