Invernizzi Federica, Cilla Marta, Trapani Silvia, Guarino Maria, Cossiga Valentina, Gambato Martina, Morelli Maria Cristina, Morisco Filomena, Burra Patrizia, Floreani Annarosa
Center for Liver Disease, Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Italian National Transplant Center/National Institute of Health, 00162 Rome, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2022 Jun 2;12(6):925. doi: 10.3390/jpm12060925.
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The etiologies of AILD are not well understood but appear to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. AILDs commonly affect young individuals and are characterized by a highly variable clinical course. These diseases significantly influence quality of life and can progress toward liver decompensation or the onset of hepatocellular or cholangiocarcinoma; a significant number of patients eventually progress to end-stage liver disease, requiring liver transplantation. In this review, we focus on the sex characteristics and peculiarities of AILD patients and highlight the relevance of a sex-specific analysis in future studies. Understanding the sex differences underlying AILD immune dysregulation may be critical for developing more effective treatments.
自身免疫性肝病（AILD）包括自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎和原发性硬化性胆管炎。AILD的病因尚不完全清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的综合作用。AILD通常影响年轻人，其临床病程高度可变。这些疾病显著影响生活质量，并可进展为肝失代偿或肝细胞癌或胆管癌的发生；相当数量的患者最终进展为终末期肝病，需要进行肝移植。在本综述中，我们关注AILD患者的性别特征和特点，并强调在未来研究中进行性别特异性分析的相关性。了解AILD免疫失调背后的性别差异可能对开发更有效的治疗方法至关重要。
