Simanek Kayla A, Paczkowski Jon E
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 18;10(6):1247. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061247.
Bacteria use a cell-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS) to orchestrate collective behaviors. QS relies on the group-wide detection of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (AI). Quorum sensing is required for virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogen . In , LasR and RhlR are homologous LuxR-type soluble transcription factor receptors that bind their cognate AIs and activate the expression of genes encoding functions required for virulence and biofilm formation. While some bacterial signal transduction pathways follow a linear circuit, as phosphoryl groups are passed from one carrier protein to another ultimately resulting in up- or down-regulation of target genes, the QS system in is a dense network of receptors and regulators with interconnecting regulatory systems and outputs. Once activated, it is not understood how LasR and RhlR establish their signaling hierarchy, nor is it clear how these pathway connections are regulated, resulting in chronic infection. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of QS progression as it relates to bacterial pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance and tolerance.
细菌利用一种称为群体感应（QS）的细胞间通讯过程来协调集体行为。群体感应依赖于对称为自诱导物（AI）的细胞外信号分子进行全群体检测。群体感应是人类病原体中致病力和生物膜形成所必需的。在[具体细菌名称未给出]中，LasR和RhlR是同源的LuxR型可溶性转录因子受体，它们结合各自的自诱导物并激活编码致病力和生物膜形成所需功能的基因的表达。虽然一些细菌信号转导途径遵循线性回路，磷酸基团从一个载体蛋白传递到另一个载体蛋白，最终导致靶基因的上调或下调，但[具体细菌名称未给出]中的群体感应系统是一个由受体和调节因子组成的密集网络，具有相互连接的调节系统和输出。一旦被激活，尚不清楚LasR和RhlR如何建立它们的信号层次结构，也不清楚这些途径连接是如何被调节的，从而导致慢性感染。在这里，我们综述了与细菌发病机制以及抗菌药物耐药性和耐受性相关的群体感应进展机制。
