Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science-Sarat Abidha, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 13;22(12):4475. doi: 10.3390/s22124475.
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) have been showing prospective supervising application domains in the underground region of the earth through sensing, computation, and communication. This paper presents a novel Deep Learning (DL)-based Cooperative communication channel model for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks for accurate and reliable monitoring in hostile underground locations. Furthermore, the proposed communication model aims at the effective utilization of cluster-based Cooperative models through the relay nodes. However, by keeping the cost effectiveness, reliability, and user-friendliness of wireless underground sensor networks through inter-cluster Cooperative transmission between two cluster heads, the determination of the overall energy performance is also measured. The energy co-operative channel allocation routing (ECCAR), Energy Hierarchical Optimistic Routing (EHOR), Non-Cooperative, and Dynamic Energy Routing (DER) methods were used to figure out how well the proposed WUSN works. The Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as transmission time, throughput, packet loss, and efficiency were used in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed WUSNs. From the simulation results, it is apparently seen that the proposed system demonstrates some superiority over other methods in terms of its better energy utilization of 89.71%, Packet Delivery ratio of 78.2%, Average Packet Delay of 82.3%, Average Network overhead of 77.4%, data packet throughput of 83.5% and an average system packet loss of 91%.
无线地下传感器网络 (WUSN) 通过感测、计算和通信，在地球的地下区域展示了有前景的监管应用领域。本文提出了一种新的基于深度学习 (DL) 的无线地下传感器网络协作通信信道模型，用于在恶劣的地下环境中进行准确可靠的监测。此外，所提出的通信模型旨在通过中继节点有效地利用基于集群的协作模型。然而，通过保持无线地下传感器网络的成本效益、可靠性和用户友好性，通过两个簇头之间的簇间协作传输，还测量了整体能量性能的确定。使用能量协作信道分配路由 (ECCAR)、能量分层乐观路由 (EHOR)、非协作和动态能量路由 (DER) 方法来确定所提出的 WUSN 的工作情况。使用服务质量 (QoS) 参数，如传输时间、吞吐量、数据包丢失和效率，以评估所提出的 WUSN 的性能。从仿真结果中可以明显看出，与其他方法相比，所提出的系统在更好地利用 89.71%的能量、78.2%的分组投递率、82.3%的平均分组延迟、77.4%的平均网络开销、83.5%的数据分组吞吐量和 91%的平均系统分组丢失方面表现出一些优势。
