Dong Yanqi, He Zonglin, Liu Taoran, Huang Jian, Zhang Casper J P, Akinwunmi Babatunde, Ming Wai-Kit
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 24;10(6):832. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10060832.
India and Europe have large populations, a large number of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and different healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the differences between the hesitancy toward and preference for COVID-19 vaccines in India and four European countries, namely, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Italy, and Spain. We conducted a cross-national survey for distribution in India, the UK, Germany, Italy, and Spain. More specifically, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to evaluate vaccine preferences, and Likert scales were used to probe the underlying factors that contribute to vaccination acceptance. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to directly compare India and European countries. A total of 2565 respondents (835 from India and 1730 from the specified countries in Europe) participated in the survey. After PSM, more than 82.5% of respondents from India positively accepted the COVID-19 vaccination, whereas 79.9% of respondents from Europe had a positive attitude; however, the proportion in Europe changed to 81.6% in cases in which the vaccine was recommended by friends, family, or employers. The DCE found that the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was the most important factor for respondents in India and the four European nations (41.8% in India and 47.77% in Europe), followed by the vaccine cost (28.06% in India and 25.88% in Europe). Although most respondents in both regions showed high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, either due to general acceptance or acceptance as a result of social cues, the vaccination coverage rate shows apparent distinctions. Due to the differences in COVID-19 situations, public health systems, cultural backgrounds, and vaccine availability, the strategies for COVID-19 vaccine promotion should be nation-dependent.
印度和欧洲人口众多，2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例数量庞大，且医疗体系各不相同。本研究旨在调查印度与四个欧洲国家（即英国、德国、意大利和西班牙）在对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫态度和偏好方面的差异。我们开展了一项跨国调查，在印度、英国、德国、意大利和西班牙进行分发。更具体地说，进行了一项离散选择实验（DCE）以评估疫苗偏好，并使用李克特量表探究影响疫苗接种接受度的潜在因素。进行了倾向得分匹配（PSM）以直接比较印度和欧洲国家。共有2565名受访者（835名来自印度，1730名来自欧洲指定国家）参与了调查。经过PSM后，超过82.5%的印度受访者积极接受COVID-19疫苗接种，而欧洲受访者的这一比例为79.9%；然而，在疫苗由朋友、家人或雇主推荐的情况下，欧洲的这一比例变为81.6%。DCE发现，COVID-19疫苗效力是印度和四个欧洲国家受访者最为看重的因素（印度为41.8%，欧洲为47.77%），其次是疫苗成本（印度为28.06%，欧洲为25.88%）。尽管两个地区的大多数受访者对COVID-19疫苗都表现出较高的接受度，要么是基于普遍接受，要么是由于社会暗示而接受，但疫苗接种覆盖率存在明显差异。由于COVID-19疫情形势、公共卫生系统、文化背景和疫苗可及性的不同，COVID-19疫苗推广策略应因地制宜。
