Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +20 (002)01001097200, e-mail:
Pediatric Dentistry Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022 Feb 1;23(2):169-175.
To compare the efficacy of two naturally based commercially available whitening toothpastes charcoal and sea salt-lemon on stain removal of teeth in terms of color change and surface roughness.
Twenty-seven intact bovine incisors were selected and randomly allocated into three main groups ( = 9) according to the tested toothpaste [I: Signal Complete 8 Charcoal; II: sea salt-lemon essence Closeup natural smile; and III: Signal Complete 8 Original (control)]. Following 4 successive days of staining protocol, each specimen in its corresponding group was brushed with the toothpaste using toothbrush simulator apparatus for three brushing cycles. Color assessment using Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer and surface roughness (Ra) measurement using contact type profilometer were performed for each specimen at baseline, after staining, and after each tooth brushing cycle.
Nonparametric color data and parametric surface roughness data were analyzed. The color difference (Δ) from after-staining protocol to different tooth brushing cycles (1,2,3) showed no significant difference on each cycle between the tested groups ( >0.05). While for color difference (Δ) from baseline to the last tooth brushing cycle 3, the difference between groups was statistically significant where group II, sea salt-lemon-based toothpaste, had a significantly lowest (Δ ) value ( <0.001) indicating more whitening effect in relation to others. However, a significant increase in surface roughness was present in all tested groups ( <0.001); meanwhile, there was no significant difference between tested groups ( >0.05).
After three tooth brushing cycles, none of the natural whitening toothpastes or conventional toothpastes produced had effective whitening results nor completely removed the stains back to the initial baseline tooth color. Sea salt-lemon-based whitening toothpaste had a whitening effect better than the charcoal-based toothpaste. All of the tested toothpastes increased the degree of surface roughness.
Charcoal and sea salt-lemon-based whitening toothpastes do not guarantee to whiten nor completely remove the stains back to normal and their effects on enamel surface roughness should be highly clinically considered and managed.
比较两种天然市售美白牙膏（木炭和海盐柠檬）在去除牙齿污渍方面的效果，分别从颜色变化和表面粗糙度两个方面进行评估。
选择 27 颗完整的牛切牙，根据测试牙膏（I：Signal Complete 8 木炭；II：海盐柠檬精华 Closeup 自然微笑；III：Signal Complete 8 原味（对照））随机分为三组（每组 9 个）。在连续 4 天的染色方案后，每个样本在其相应的组中使用牙刷模拟器装置进行 3 个刷牙周期的牙膏刷牙。使用 Vita Easyshade 分光光度计对每个样本进行颜色评估，使用接触式轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（Ra）。在基线、染色后和每个刷牙周期后对每个样本进行测量。
对非参数颜色数据和参数表面粗糙度数据进行分析。从染色后协议到不同刷牙周期（1、2、3）的颜色差异（Δ）显示，在每个周期中，测试组之间没有显著差异（>0.05）。而从基线到最后一个刷牙周期 3 的颜色差异（Δ），组间差异具有统计学意义，其中基于海盐柠檬的牙膏组 II 的（Δ）值最低（<0.001），表明其具有更显著的美白效果。然而，所有测试组的表面粗糙度均显著增加（<0.001）；同时，测试组之间没有显著差异（>0.05）。
经过三个刷牙周期，没有一种天然美白牙膏或传统牙膏能产生有效的美白效果，也不能将污渍完全恢复到初始基线牙齿颜色。基于海盐柠檬的美白牙膏具有比基于木炭的牙膏更好的美白效果。所有测试的牙膏都增加了表面粗糙度的程度。
木炭和海盐柠檬基美白牙膏不能保证美白，也不能将污渍完全去除，使其恢复正常，应高度考虑并管理其对牙釉质表面粗糙度的影响。
