Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Waszyngtona 4/8, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Department of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2022;73(2):139-145. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2022.0214.
Human breast milk due to its unique composition and the ability to adapt to the needs of the infant, is referred to as the "gold standard". Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of a inflant's life. The composition of breast milk and its metabolites is not constant and varies depending on the influence of various factors. Its analysis allows for rational management of infant nutrition. Intermediate and final metabolites of human milk are formed as a result of various metabolic processes in the mammary gland, and their role and the influence of various factors on them are not fully determined in the context of the proper development of infants. Metabolomic studies can be used to identify intermediate and terminal metabolites in breast milk. The aim of the study was to review the current literature on the variability of human milk metabolome depending on factors such as gestational age, lactation stage and mother's diet. A review of current research shows that the composition of human milk metabolome varies depending on various factors. Better understanding of metabolome of breast milk could be crucial in the future programming of metabolic processes in infants, which is crucial in preventing many diseases and maintaining health.
人乳因其独特的成分和适应婴儿需求的能力，被称为“黄金标准”。建议婴儿在生命的头 6 个月进行纯母乳喂养。母乳及其代谢物的成分不是固定的，会因各种因素的影响而发生变化。对其进行分析可以实现婴儿营养的合理管理。人乳的中间和终末代谢物是乳腺内各种代谢过程形成的，其作用以及各种因素对它们的影响在婴儿正常发育的背景下尚未完全确定。代谢组学研究可用于鉴定母乳中的中间和终末代谢物。本研究旨在综述目前关于人乳代谢组因胎龄、泌乳阶段和母亲饮食等因素而发生变化的文献。目前的研究表明，人乳代谢组的组成会因各种因素而发生变化。更好地了解母乳代谢组可能对未来婴儿代谢过程的编程至关重要，这对预防许多疾病和保持健康至关重要。
