Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Pediatr Obes. 2022 Nov;17(11):e12951. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12951. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have an increased obesity risk. Although these conditions commonly co-occur, shared factors relating to obesity risk are unknown.
To examine the shared and unique associations of ADHD and autistic traits with eating behaviours and BMI.
Children (N = 4134) from the population-based Generation R Study were categorized into subgroups based on parent-reported ADHD and autistic traits scores at 6 years: ADHD , ASD , ADHD+ASD and REF (reference group: ADHD+ASD ). Multiple linear regressions examined the associations between subgroups and eating behaviours (at 10 years) and BMIz (at 14 years), relative to REF. Mediation analyses tested the indirect effect of subgroup and BMIz through eating behaviours.
ADHD + ASD children expressed both food approach (increased food responsiveness and emotional overeating) and avoidant eating behaviours (increased emotional undereating, satiety responsiveness/ slowness in eating and picky eating, and decreased enjoyment in food). ASD children were more food avoidant, while ADHD children had more food approach behaviours and greater BMIz. ADHD and BMIz were indirectly associated with food responsiveness and emotional overeating.
ADHD and autistic trait phenotypes show distinct associations with potential obesity risk factors, and further research is needed to improve targeted early intervention.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童肥胖风险增加。尽管这些疾病通常同时发生，但与肥胖风险相关的共同因素尚不清楚。
研究 ADHD 和自闭症特征与饮食行为和 BMI 之间的共同和独特关联。
基于人群的 Generation R 研究中的儿童（N=4134）根据父母在 6 岁时报告的 ADHD 和自闭症特征评分分为亚组：ADHD、ASD、ADHD+ASD 和 REF（参考组：ADHD+ASD）。多元线性回归分析了亚组与饮食行为（10 岁）和 BMIz（14 岁）之间的关联，相对于 REF。中介分析测试了亚组和 BMIz 通过饮食行为的间接效应。
ADHD+ASD 儿童表现出食物接近（增加食物反应性和情绪性暴食）和回避性饮食行为（增加情绪性少食、饱腹感反应/进食缓慢和挑食，以及对食物的享受减少）。ASD 儿童更回避食物，而 ADHD 儿童有更多的食物接近行为和更大的 BMIz。ADHD 和 BMIz 与食物反应性和情绪性暴食呈间接相关。
ADHD 和自闭症特征表型与潜在的肥胖风险因素有不同的关联，需要进一步研究以改善有针对性的早期干预。
