注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的体格生长和饮食特征：一项横断面研究
[Physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study].
作者信息
Lin Shuang, Wu Dan-Dan, Chen Shu-Jin, Yan Wu, Dou Li-Hua, Li Xiao-Nan
机构信息
Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
出版信息
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2023 Jul 15;25(7):711-717. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301052.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to analyze their relationship with core symptoms of ADHD.
METHODS
A total of 268 children who were newly diagnosed with ADHD in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to December 2020 were included in the ADHD group, and 102 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Physical evaluations and dietary surveys were conducted for both groups. ADHD diagnosis and scoring were performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Factor analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were used to study the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD, dietary patterns, and physical growth.
RESULTS
The rate of overweight/obesity in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.8% vs 21.6%, <0.05). Three dietary patterns were extracted from the food frequency questionnaire: vegetarian dietary pattern, traditional dietary pattern, and snack/fast food pattern. The factor score for the snack/fast food pattern in the ADHD group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ADHD symptom scores, snack/fast food pattern factor scores, and body fat percentage (<0.05). The mediation analysis showed that the snack/fast food pattern played a partial mediating role in the relationship between ADHD symptom scores and body fat percentage, with a mediation proportion of 26.66%.
CONCLUSIONS
The rate of overweight/obesity in children with ADHD is higher than that in non-ADHD children. Core symptoms of ADHD are related to dietary patterns and physical growth, with the snack/fast food pattern playing a partial mediating role in the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD and physical growth.
目的
探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿的身体生长和饮食特征，并分析其与ADHD核心症状的关系。
方法
将2020年6月至12月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院新诊断为ADHD的268例患儿纳入ADHD组，选取同期进行体检的102例健康儿童作为对照组。对两组进行身体评估和饮食调查。根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第5版）进行ADHD诊断和评分。采用因子分析、Spearman相关分析和中介分析研究ADHD核心症状、饮食模式和身体生长之间的关系。
结果
ADHD组超重/肥胖率显著高于对照组（35.8% vs 21.6%，P<0.05）。从食物频率问卷中提取出三种饮食模式：素食饮食模式、传统饮食模式和零食/快餐模式。ADHD组零食/快餐模式的因子得分高于对照组（P<0.05）。ADHD症状评分、零食/快餐模式因子得分与体脂百分比之间存在显著正相关（P<0.05）。中介分析表明，零食/快餐模式在ADHD症状评分与体脂百分比之间的关系中起部分中介作用，中介比例为26.66%。
结论
ADHD患儿的超重/肥胖率高于非ADHD儿童。ADHD核心症状与饮食模式和身体生长有关，零食/快餐模式在ADHD核心症状与身体生长之间的关系中起部分中介作用。
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