National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067, India.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250110, India.
Mol Biotechnol. 2022 Dec;64(12):1303-1318. doi: 10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y. Epub 2022 Jun 25.
Demand of flowers is increasing with time worldwide. Floriculture has become one of the most important commercial trades in agriculture. Although traditional breeding methods like hybridization and mutation breeding have contributed significantly to the development of important flower varieties, flower production and quality of flowers can be significantly improved by employing modern breeding approaches. Novel traits of significance have interest to consumers and producers, such as fragrance, new floral color, change in floral architecture and morphology, vase life, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been introduced by genetic manipulation. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has recently emerged as a powerful genome-editing tool for accurately changing DNA sequences at specific locations. It provides excellent means of genetically improving floricultural crops. CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized in gene editing in horticultural cops. There are few reports on the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in flowers. The current review summarizes the research work done by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system in floricultural crops including improvement in flowering traits such as color modification, prolonging the shelf life of flowers, flower initiation, and development, changes in color of ornamental foliage by genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be useful in developing novel cultivars with higher fragrance and enhanced essential oil and many other useful traits. The present review also highlights the basic mechanism and key components involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
全球范围内对花卉的需求与日俱增。花卉业已成为农业中最重要的商业贸易之一。虽然传统的育种方法，如杂交和诱变育种，对重要花卉品种的发展做出了重大贡献，但通过采用现代育种方法可以显著提高花卉的产量和质量。具有重要意义的新特性引起了消费者和生产者的兴趣，例如香味、新的花卉颜色、花卉结构和形态的变化、瓶插寿命、香气以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性，这些特性已经通过遗传操作得到了引入。簇状规律间隔短回文重复 (CRISPR)/CRISPR 相关蛋白 (Cas) 系统最近成为一种强大的基因组编辑工具，可以在特定位置准确改变 DNA 序列。它为花卉作物的遗传改良提供了极好的手段。CRISPR/Cas 系统已被用于园艺作物的基因编辑。关于 CRISPR/Cas9 系统在花卉中的利用，报道较少。目前的综述总结了利用 CRISPR/Cas9 系统在花卉作物中的研究工作，包括改善花色修饰、延长花卉瓶插寿命、花朵起始和发育等开花特性，以及通过基因组编辑改变观赏叶的颜色。CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑可用于开发具有更高香味和增强精油等许多其他有用特性的新型品种。本综述还强调了 CRISPR/Cas9 系统涉及的基本机制和关键组成部分。
