Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Am J Pathol. 2022 Oct;192(10):1358-1367. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.06.007. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells in the form of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They can be taken up by neighboring cells, and their contents can have functional impact on the cells that engulf them. As the mediators of intercellular communication, EVs can play important roles in both physiological and pathologic contexts. In addition, early detection of EVs in different body fluids may offer a sensitive diagnostic tool for certain diseases, such as cancer. Furthermore, targeting specific EVs may also become a promising therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the latest findings of EVs in the field of liver research, with a focus on the different contents of the EVs and their impact on liver function and on the development of inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor in the liver. The goal of this review is to provide a succinct account of the various molecules that can mediate the function of EVs so the readers may apply this knowledge to their own research.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 以 exosomes、microvesicles 和凋亡小体的形式由细胞产生。它们可以被邻近的细胞摄取，其内容物对吞噬它们的细胞具有功能影响。作为细胞间通讯的介质，EVs 在生理和病理情况下都可以发挥重要作用。此外，在不同的体液中早期检测 EVs 可能为某些疾病（如癌症）提供一种敏感的诊断工具。此外，针对特定的 EVs 也可能成为一种有前途的治疗方法。本综述总结了 EVs 在肝脏研究领域的最新发现，重点介绍了 EVs 的不同内容及其对肝脏功能以及肝脏炎症、纤维化和肿瘤发展的影响。本综述的目的是提供一个简洁的说明，说明可以调节 EVs 功能的各种分子，以便读者将这些知识应用于自己的研究。
