Matsuzaka Yasunari, Yashiro Ryu
Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;12(12):1244. doi: 10.3390/membranes12121244.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, and exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells via angiogenesis. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed in regenerative medicine owing to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into various cells, is due to humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, which are encapsulated in exosomes derived from transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived exosomes will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, using highly purified exosomes that perform their original functions is desirable. In this review, we summarized advances in the purification, modification, and application of EVs as novel strategies to treat some diseases.
细胞外囊泡（EV）是被脂质双分子层膜包围的膜性囊泡，包括微囊泡、凋亡小体、外泌体和外粒体。癌细胞释放的外泌体包裹的微小RNA（miRNA）通过血管生成参与肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移。另一方面，间充质干细胞（MSC）疗法因其能够分化为各种细胞而被应用于再生医学，这归因于包括信使RNA（mRNA）、miRNA、蛋白质和脂质在内的体液因子，这些因子被包裹在源自移植细胞的外泌体中。提倡使用MSC衍生外泌体进行无细胞治疗的新疗法将显著改善临床实践。因此，使用能发挥其原始功能的高度纯化外泌体是可取的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了EVs在纯化、修饰和应用方面的进展，作为治疗某些疾病的新策略。
