Khilji Sheza Ayaz, Sajid Zahoor Ahmad, Fayyaz Sidra, Shah Anis Ali, Shah Adnan Noor, Rauf Mamoona, Arif Muhammad, Yang Seung Hwan, Fiaz Sajid
Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 9;13:874723. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874723. eCollection 2022.
Heavy metal toxicity reduces the growth and development of crop plants growing in metal-contaminated regions. Disposal of industrial waste in agricultural areas has negative effects on the physiochemical activities of plants. This research aimed to examine the fulvic acid (FA)-mediated efficacy of L. regarding stress tolerance in soil amended with paper sludge (PS). For this purpose, plants were grown for 90 days under greenhouse conditions at various concentrations of PS-amended soils (0, 5, 10, and 15%) being irrigated with water containing FA (0, 10, and 20%). All the physicochemical parameters of PS were carried out before and after plant transplantation. Paper sludge toxicity reduced the growth (shoot/root length, fresh/dry weight of shoot/root, numbers of flowers and leaves) and physicochemical characteristics of exposed plants. In comparison, FA application improved growth by reducing the metal uptake in the shoot of plants grown at various concentrations of PS. An increasing trend in antioxidant enzyme activity was observed by increasing the FA concentration (0%-10% and 20%). Post-harvest analysis indicated that the amount of tested metals was significantly reduced at all PS concentrations. Minimum metal uptake was observed at 0% concentration and maximum at 15% concentration of paper sludge. Additionally, FA application at 20% concentration reduced Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) uptake in the shoot from 6.08, 34.42, and 20.6 mgkg to 3.62, 17.33, and 15.22 mgkg1, respectively. At this concentration of paper sludge in the root, 20% FA reduced Cr, Cd, and Pb uptake from 11.19, 44.11, and 35.5 mgkg to 7.88, 27.01, and 24.02 mgkg, respectively. Thus, FA at 20% concentration was found to be an effective stimulant to mitigate the metal stress in grown in paper sludge-polluted soil by reducing metal uptake and translocation to various plant parts.
重金属毒性会降低生长在金属污染地区的农作物的生长和发育。在农业地区处置工业废物会对植物的物理化学活性产生负面影响。本研究旨在考察富里酸（FA）介导的嗜酸乳杆菌对添加纸污泥（PS）土壤中胁迫耐受性的影响。为此，在温室条件下，将植物种植90天，土壤添加不同浓度的PS（0%、5%、10%和15%），并用含有FA（0%、10%和20%）的水灌溉。在植物移植前后对PS的所有物理化学参数进行了测定。纸污泥毒性降低了暴露植物的生长（茎/根长度、茎/根的鲜重/干重、花和叶的数量）以及物理化学特性。相比之下，施用FA通过减少在不同浓度PS下生长的植物茎中金属的吸收来促进生长。随着FA浓度（0% - 10%和20%）的增加，抗氧化酶活性呈上升趋势。收获后分析表明，在所有PS浓度下，测试金属的含量均显著降低。在纸污泥浓度为0%时观察到金属吸收量最低，在15%时最高。此外，施用20%浓度的FA可使茎中铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）的吸收量分别从6.08、34.42和20.6 mg/kg降至3.62、17.33和15.22 mg/kg。在该纸污泥浓度下，根中20%的FA可使Cr、Cd和Pb的吸收量分别从11.19、44.11和35.5 mg/kg降至7.88、27.01和24.02 mg/kg。因此，发现20%浓度的FA是一种有效的刺激剂，可通过减少金属吸收和向植物各部分的转运来减轻生长在纸污泥污染土壤中的植物的金属胁迫。
