Gebre Wedajo, Mekbib Firew, Tirfessa Alemu, Bekele Agdew
Department of Plant Science, Jinka University, Jinka, Ethiopia.
School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2024 Dec 26;2024:1611869. doi: 10.1155/sci5/1611869. eCollection 2024.
For sustainable genetic improvement of crops like sorghum, assessing genetic variability and knowing the nature and extent of the association between grain yield and yield-related traits is a prerequisite. However, there needs to be sufficient information about the genetic variability study as well as yield-related trait correlation and path coefficient analysis for sorghum accessions, especially those from southern Ethiopia. Hence, this field experiment assessed genetic variability, determined the nature and extent of phenotypic-genetic correlation, and analyzed the path coefficients among 17 quantitative traits. A total of 225 sorghum genotypes were tested using a simple lattice design with two replications at the Jinka Agricultural Research Center during the 2021 cropping season. Based on the analysis of variance, most traits showed highly significant (P 0.001) differences, suggesting genetic diversity between the genotypes. High estimates of GCV and PCV were noted for leaf width (3924.50% and 3924.50%), while the lowest GCV and PCV estimates were obtained for days to flowering and days to maturity. High heritability coupled with high GAM estimates was recorded for plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area. The magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher than those of phenotypic correlations for most of the studied traits, implying that the traits under study were genetically controlled. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with most of the traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels, indicating the presence of a strong inherent association between grain yield and other traits. Phenotypic path coefficient analysis showed that grain filling period and biomass yield exerted a high positive direct effect on grain yield. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that biomass yield, grain filling period, leaf width, and days to flowering had a relatively high positive direct effect on grain yield. However, days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, yield per panicle, straw weight, and harvest index exerted a negative direct effect on grain yield. Almost for all the studied traits, genotypic direct and indirect effects were higher than the phenotypic direct and indirect effects, indicating that the studied traits had a genetically inherited relationship with grain yield. Grain yield in sorghum can be improved through indirect selection for traits such as plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and biomass yield. In general, the observed variability and the information obtained from this study can be used for the genetic enhancement of sorghum thereby developing high-yielding varieties.
对于高粱等作物的可持续遗传改良而言，评估遗传变异性并了解籽粒产量与产量相关性状之间关联的性质和程度是一项先决条件。然而，对于高粱种质，尤其是来自埃塞俄比亚南部的种质，需要有足够关于遗传变异性研究以及产量相关性状相关性和通径系数分析的信息。因此，本田间试验评估了17个数量性状的遗传变异性，确定了表型 - 遗传相关性的性质和程度，并分析了通径系数。在2021年种植季节，在金卡农业研究中心采用二重复简单格子设计对总共225个高粱基因型进行了测试。基于方差分析，大多数性状表现出极显著（P<0.001）差异，表明基因型之间存在遗传多样性。叶宽的广义遗传力（GCV）和表型遗传力（PCV）估计值较高（分别为3924.50%和3924.50%），而开花天数和成熟天数的GCV和PCV估计值最低。株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽和叶面积记录到高遗传力以及高遗传进展（GAM）估计值。对于大多数研究性状，基因型相关性的幅度高于表型相关性，这意味着所研究的性状受遗传控制。在表型和基因型水平上，籽粒产量与大多数性状呈显著正相关，表明籽粒产量与其他性状之间存在很强的内在关联。表型通径系数分析表明，灌浆期和生物量产量对籽粒产量具有较高的正向直接效应。基因型通径系数分析表明，生物量产量、灌浆期、叶宽和开花天数对籽粒产量具有相对较高的正向直接效应。然而，成熟天数、株高、叶片数、叶面积、每穗产量、秸秆重量和收获指数对籽粒产量具有负向直接效应。几乎对于所有研究性状，基因型直接和间接效应均高于表型直接和间接效应，表明所研究的性状与籽粒产量存在遗传继承关系。高粱的籽粒产量可通过对株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽和生物量产量等性状的间接选择来提高。总体而言，观察到的变异性以及从本研究中获得的信息可用于高粱的遗传改良，从而培育出高产品种。
