Darvish Diana M
Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Prospekt, 4, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
Mater Today Bio. 2022 Jun 14;15:100322. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100322. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Sometimes, to move forward, it is necessary to look back. Collagen type I is one of the most commonly used biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. There are a variety of collagen scaffolds and biomedical products based on collagen have been made, and the development of new ones is still ongoing. Materials, where collagen is in the fibrillar form, have some advantages: they have superior mechanical properties, higher degradation time and, what is most important, mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix. There are some standard protocols for the formation of collagen fibrils , but if we look more carefully at those methods, we can see some controversies. For example, why is the formation of collagen gel commonly carried out at 37 °C, when it was well investigated that the temperature higher than 35 °C results in a formation of not well-ordered fibrils? Biomimetic collagen materials can be obtained both using culture medium or neutralizing solution, but it requires a deep understanding of all of the crucial points. One of this point is collagen extraction method, since not every method retains the ability of collagen to reconstitute native banded fibrils. Collagen polymorphism is also often overlooked in spite of the appearance of different polymorphic forms during fibril formation is possible, especially when collagen blends are utilized. In this review, we will not only pay attention to these issues, but we will overview the most prominent works related to the formation of collagen fibrils starting from the first approaches and moving to the up-to-date recipes.
有时，为了向前迈进，回首往事是必要的。I型胶原蛋白是组织工程和再生医学中最常用的生物材料之一。已经制造出了多种基于胶原蛋白的胶原蛋白支架和生物医学产品，并且新型产品的研发仍在进行中。以纤维状形式存在胶原蛋白的材料具有一些优点：它们具有优异的机械性能、更长的降解时间，最重要的是，它们模仿天然细胞外基质的结构。有一些形成胶原纤维的标准方案，但如果我们更仔细地研究这些方法，就会发现一些争议之处。例如，既然已经充分研究表明温度高于35℃会导致形成排列不佳的纤维，那么为什么胶原蛋白凝胶的形成通常在37℃下进行呢？仿生胶原蛋白材料既可以使用培养基也可以使用中和溶液来获得，但这需要对所有关键点有深入的了解。其中一个关键点是胶原蛋白的提取方法，因为并非每种方法都能保留胶原蛋白重构天然带状纤维的能力。尽管在纤维形成过程中可能会出现不同的多晶型形式，尤其是在使用胶原蛋白混合物时，但胶原蛋白的多态性也常常被忽视。在这篇综述中，我们不仅会关注这些问题，还将概述从最初的方法到最新配方的与胶原纤维形成相关的最杰出的研究成果。
