流动人口与户籍人口儿童预防接种状况及影响因素比较分析
Comparative Analysis of the Status and Influencing Factors of Immunization Among Children Between Registered and Floating Population.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 9;10:872342. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872342. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
A vaccine is an effective tool to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor and improve health equity, through which a number of serious childhood diseases can be successfully prevented or eradicated. This study is aimed to compare the current situation of vaccination and related factors among children in China's registered residents and floating population, to provide a reference for achieving the 100% vaccination rate in China.
METHODS
The data used for this study are from the 2017 National Migrants Dynamic Monitoring Special Survey data. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information, such as socio-demographics, vaccination status of children, and so on, on the registered population and floating population. Descriptive statistics and a chi-square independence test were used to describe the information and to compare the vaccination status of children under different sociodemographic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze influencing factors associated with vaccination of children.
RESULTS
The findings showed that 94.39% of children in registered residence were completely vaccinated, which was significantly higher than that of the floating children (91.68%, < 0.001). The region, parents' education level, and marital status were found to be significant risk factors for complete vaccination of children regardless of the registered or floating population. In addition, ethnicity and length of time to the nearest medical institution were unique risk factors for complete vaccination of children in registered residence. And, health record was an independent influencing factor for vaccination of children of floating population.
CONCLUSION
Compared with registered population, floating population was at a disadvantage in using basic public health services, especially in children's vaccination. To achieve 100% vaccination for children, particular interventions should be taken for different populations.
背景
疫苗是缩小贫富差距、提高健康公平性的有效工具，可以成功预防或消灭许多严重的儿童疾病。本研究旨在比较中国户籍儿童和流动人口的疫苗接种现状及相关因素，为实现中国 100%疫苗接种率提供参考。
方法
本研究数据来源于 2017 年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据。采用自行设计的问卷收集户籍人口和流动人口的社会人口学、儿童疫苗接种等信息。采用描述性统计和卡方独立性检验描述信息，并比较不同社会人口学特征儿童的疫苗接种情况。采用二项逻辑回归分析儿童疫苗接种的影响因素。
结果
结果显示，户籍儿童完全接种率为 94.39%，明显高于流动人口（91.68%，<0.001）。无论户籍还是流动人口，地区、父母受教育程度和婚姻状况都是儿童完全接种的显著危险因素。此外，民族和到最近医疗机构的时间长短是户籍儿童完全接种的独特危险因素。而流动人口的健康记录是其儿童接种的独立影响因素。
结论
与户籍人口相比，流动人口在利用基本公共卫生服务方面处于劣势，尤其是在儿童疫苗接种方面。为实现儿童 100%疫苗接种，应针对不同人群采取特定干预措施。
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