Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 27;17(13):4622. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134622.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess physical conditions related to health status and establish relationships with influencing factors such as family structure, educational level, and parental professional occupation in the infant stage of three to five years in a rural setting. The sample included 205 children between 3 and 5 years of age from rural areas (<10,000 inhabitants) from the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Fitness level was measured using the PREFIT battery; influencing factors were assessed with a family information questionnaire. The results showed significant differences in all the analyzed variables of physical condition and between genders at each of the educational levels except for body mass index. Boys performed better than girls on cardio-respiratory fitness tests, muscle strength in both hands, speed-agility, and longitudinal jump tests for boys aged three, while girls performed the test better at four years. The type of family structure was not correlated with any of the variables of physical condition; a lower level of education of the father and mother and the professional occupation of the mother were correlated with a higher body mass index. As a main conclusion, physical condition related to health seems to be affected by influencing factors such as educational level and family professional occupation, especially of the mother, but the type of family structure does not have as much influence. There are few studies in children from three to five years of age in exclusively rural areas, so the data in this study provides relevant and innovative information, while opening research to cater to this population group.
本横断面研究旨在评估与健康状况相关的身体状况，并确定家庭结构、教育水平和父母职业等影响因素与农村地区 3 至 5 岁婴儿期的关系。该样本包括来自西班牙卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰地区（西班牙）农村地区（<10,000 居民）的 205 名 3 至 5 岁儿童。使用 PREFIT 电池测量健身水平；使用家庭信息问卷评估影响因素。结果显示，除体重指数外，在各个教育水平的所有身体状况分析变量和性别之间均存在显著差异。在心肺适能测试、双手肌肉力量、速度敏捷性和 3 岁男孩的纵向跳跃测试中，男孩的表现优于女孩，而在 4 岁时，女孩的表现更好。家庭结构类型与身体状况的任何变量都没有相关性；父亲和母亲的教育水平较低以及母亲的职业与较高的体重指数相关。作为主要结论，与健康相关的身体状况似乎受到教育水平和家庭职业等影响因素的影响，特别是母亲的职业，但家庭结构类型的影响较小。在专门的农村地区，很少有 3 至 5 岁儿童的研究，因此本研究的数据提供了相关且创新的信息，同时也为这一人群的研究开辟了道路。
