Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Med Res Rev. 2022 Nov;42(6):2102-2125. doi: 10.1002/med.21918. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter, which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These complex vesicles carry a multitude of signaling moieties from their cell of origin, such as proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, metabolites, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to delivering cargos into target cells to facilitate intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles may also play roles in such processes as cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. As these vesicles have natural biocompatibility, stability in circulation, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity, and serve as efficient carriers of molecular cargos, these nanoparticles are ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine. Exploring and identifying the homeostatic functions of extracellular vesicles may facilitate the development of new regenerative therapies. In this review, we summarize the wound healing process, difficulties in stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, and the applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in improving and accelerating the wound healing process.
细胞外囊泡是直径为 30nm 至 10μm 的膜性颗粒，几乎所有细胞类型都会释放这些囊泡以辅助细胞间通讯。这些复杂的囊泡从其起源细胞携带多种信号分子，如蛋白质、脂质、细胞表面受体、酶、细胞因子、代谢物和核酸。越来越多的证据表明，除了将货物递送到靶细胞以促进细胞间通讯外，细胞外囊泡还可能在细胞分化和增殖、血管生成、应激反应和免疫信号等过程中发挥作用。由于这些囊泡具有天然的生物相容性、循环中的稳定性、低毒性和低免疫原性，并且是分子货物的有效载体，因此这些纳米颗粒是再生医学的理想治疗候选物。探索和确定细胞外囊泡的稳态功能可能有助于开发新的再生疗法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了伤口愈合过程、再生医学中干细胞治疗的困难以及间充质基质细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡在改善和加速伤口愈合过程中的应用。
