美国各州白种人、黑种人和西班牙裔种族/族裔的预期寿命：1990 年至 2019 年的趋势和差异。
Life Expectancy for White, Black, and Hispanic Race/Ethnicity in U.S. States: Trends and Disparities, 1990 to 2019.
机构信息
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (C.O.J., A.S.B., N.K.D., K.F.H., B.F.B., J.A.A., M.W.C., R.G.F., C.N.S., J.L.W., H.W.Y., R.R.Z.).
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.Afshin, A.Aravkin, J.L.D., E.G., A.H.M., M.N., P.Z., C.J.L.M.).
出版信息
Ann Intern Med. 2022 Aug;175(8):1057-1064. doi: 10.7326/M21-3956. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
BACKGROUND
Life expectancy (LE) differences within and between states by race/ethnicity have not been examined.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate LE for selected race/ethnicity groups in states from 1990 to 2019.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional time-series analysis.
SETTING
United States.
PARTICIPANTS
Deidentified death records and Census data were used to construct regression models with smoothed time series of mortality from 1990 to 2019.
MEASUREMENTS
LE at birth, by sex and year, for subgroups of people reporting Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, or non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity.
RESULTS
Disparities in LE across states were 8.0 years for females and 12.2 years for males in 1990 and 7.9 years for females and 7.8 years for males in 2019. When race/ethnicity groups were accounted for, disparities across states were 20.7 years for females and 24.5 years for males in 1990, decreasing to 18.5 years for females and 23.7 years for males in 2019. Disparities across states increased within each race/ethnicity group between 1990 and 2019, with the largest increase for non-Hispanic White males and the smallest for Hispanic females. The disparity between race/ethnicity groups within states decreased for most of the 23 states with estimates for all 3 groups but increased for females in 7 states and males in 5 states.
LIMITATION
Because of small sample size, LE was not estimated for 37 of 153 state-race/ethnicity groups.
CONCLUSION
Disparity in LE across states was greater when race/ethnicity groups were considered. Disparities across all state-race/ethnicity groups in general have decreased over the past 3 decades. Within each race/ethnicity group, disparities across states have increased. Although racial/ethnic disparities decreased in most of the 23 states for which LE was estimated for all 3 groups, they increased for females in 7 states and males in 5 states.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
背景
不同种族/民族之间和各州内部的预期寿命（LE）差异尚未得到研究。
目的
估计选定种族/民族群体在 1990 年至 2019 年各州的 LE。
设计
横断面时间序列分析。
地点
美国。
参与者
使用匿名死亡记录和人口普查数据，构建了 1990 年至 2019 年死亡率的平滑时间序列回归模型。
测量
报告西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人种族/民族的人群按性别和年份的出生时的 LE。
结果
1990 年，女性的 LE 差异为各州 8.0 年，男性为 12.2 年，2019 年，女性为 7.9 年，男性为 7.8 年。当考虑到种族/民族群体时，1990 年女性的各州差异为 20.7 年，男性为 24.5 年，到 2019 年，女性下降到 18.5 年，男性下降到 23.7 年。1990 年至 2019 年间，每个种族/民族群体的各州差异均增加，其中非西班牙裔白种男性的差异最大，西班牙裔女性的差异最小。大多数有这三个群体估计值的 23 个州内的州内种族/民族群体之间的差异减少，但有 7 个州的女性和 5 个州的男性增加。
局限性
由于样本量小，无法为 153 个州-种族/民族群体中的 37 个估计 LE。
结论
考虑到种族/民族群体时，各州之间的 LE 差异更大。在过去的 30 年中，一般来说，所有州-种族/民族群体的差异都有所减少。在每个种族/民族群体中，各州之间的差异都在增加。尽管对于估计了所有三个群体 LE 的 23 个州中的大多数，种族/民族差异有所减少，但在 7 个州的女性和 5 个州的男性中，差异有所增加。
主要资金来源
国家心肺血液研究所。
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