Department of Pediatrics and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA; email:
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2022 Sep 8;76:703-726. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-111511. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Invasive fungal infections are emerging diseases that kill over 1.5 million people per year worldwide. With the increase of immunocompromised populations, the incidence of invasive fungal infections is expected to continue to rise. Vaccines for viral and bacterial infectious diseases have had a transformative impact on human health worldwide. However, no fungal vaccines are currently in clinical use. Recently, interest in fungal vaccines has grown significantly. One vaccine has completed phase 2 clinical trials, and research on vaccines against coccidioidomycosis continues to advance. Additionally, multiple groups have discovered various mutant strains that promote protective responses to subsequent challenge in mouse models. There has also been progress in antibody-mediated fungal vaccines. In this review, we highlight recent fungal vaccine research progress, outline the wealth of data generated, and summarize current research for both fungal biology and immunology studies relevant to fungal vaccine development. We also review technological advancements in vaccine development and highlight the future prospects of a human vaccine against invasive fungal infections.
侵袭性真菌感染是一种新兴疾病，全球每年有超过 150 万人因此死亡。随着免疫功能低下人群的增加，侵袭性真菌感染的发病率预计将继续上升。用于病毒和细菌性传染病的疫苗已对全球人类健康产生了变革性影响。然而，目前尚无临床应用的真菌疫苗。最近，人们对真菌疫苗的兴趣显著增加。一种疫苗已完成 2 期临床试验，针对球孢子菌病的疫苗研究仍在不断推进。此外，多个研究小组发现了多种促进小鼠模型后续挑战产生保护性反应的突变株。抗体介导的真菌疫苗也取得了进展。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的真菌疫苗研究进展，概述了所产生的大量数据，并总结了与真菌疫苗开发相关的真菌生物学和免疫学研究的当前研究。我们还回顾了疫苗开发方面的技术进步，并强调了针对侵袭性真菌感染的人类疫苗的未来前景。
