Cai Youran, Wei Jintao, Zhou Jiaxin, Zou Wenjin
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Ophthalmic Res. 2022;65(6):647-658. doi: 10.1159/000525696. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common ocular surface disease, which severely affects the quality of life. An overall estimate of the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of DED in Asia would help in planning and implementing appropriate public health strategies.
The present study aimed to study the epidemiology of DED in Asia.
A comprehensive and systematic search was performed using several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in January 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on logit-transformed prevalence and incidence rates to calculate pooled prevalence and incidence estimates. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explain the heterogeneity.
Among the 6,742 articles identified, 23 were included in the analysis, with a total sample size of 1,488,935 subjects. Twenty studies reported the prevalence of DED in Asia, two studies reported the incidence, and one study reported both prevalence and incidence. The estimated pooled prevalence of DED in any population in Asia was 20.1% (95% confidence interval [Ozdemir et al., Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(1):e91-6]: 13.9-28.3%), and the incidence 16.7% (95% CI: 0-34.9%). The prevalence rate of DED in males and females was 16.4% (95% CI: 10.0-25.8%) and 21.7% (95% CI: 14.7-30.8%; p < 0.001), respectively. In general, the prevalence increased with age. The risk factors considered for specific populations were not significant, and the prevalence in the general population, excluding the populations considered at risk, was similar at 20.9% (95% CI: 12.8-32.1%).
DED is common in Asian populations and causes a significant disease burden. Its prevalence is higher in females than that in males, and it tends to increase in severity with age. Further research on additional risk factors is needed to adequately explain the epidemiology of DED in Asia.
干眼疾病（DED）是最常见的眼表疾病，严重影响生活质量。对亚洲干眼疾病的患病率、发病率及危险因素进行全面评估，将有助于制定和实施适当的公共卫生策略。
本研究旨在探讨亚洲干眼疾病的流行病学情况。
2021年1月，利用包括PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和科学网在内的多个数据库进行了全面系统的检索。对经对数转换的患病率和发病率进行随机效应荟萃分析，以计算合并患病率和发病率估计值。进行Meta回归和亚组分析以解释异质性。
在检索到的6742篇文章中，23篇被纳入分析，样本总量为1488935名受试者。20项研究报告了亚洲干眼疾病的患病率，2项研究报告了发病率，1项研究同时报告了患病率和发病率。亚洲任何人群中干眼疾病的估计合并患病率为20.1%（95%置信区间[奥兹德米尔等人，《眼科学报》2019年；97(1):e91 - 6]：13.9 - 28.3%），发病率为16.7%（95%置信区间：0 - 34.9%）。男性和女性干眼疾病的患病率分别为16.4%（95%置信区间：10.0 - 25.8%）和21.7%（95%置信区间：14.7 - 30.8%；p < 0.001）。总体而言，患病率随年龄增长而升高。针对特定人群所考虑的危险因素并不显著，排除高危人群后的普通人群患病率相似，为20.9%（95%置信区间：12.8 - 32.1%）。
干眼疾病在亚洲人群中很常见，且造成了重大的疾病负担。其患病率女性高于男性，且严重程度往往随年龄增长而增加。需要进一步研究其他危险因素，以充分解释亚洲干眼疾病的流行病学情况。
