Ayogu Rufina N B, Ezeh Mmesoma G, Udenta Elizabeth A
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
BMC Nutr. 2022 Jun 27;8(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00552-5.
Obesity is a complex disease characterised by excess fat accumulation and health risks. There is paucity of data on epidemiology of obesity patterns among adults in rural Nigeria. This study aimed to provide current data on the prevalence and predictors of three patterns of obesity (abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and a combination of both) among adults in three rural communities of Enugu State, South-east Nigeria to enhance specific obesity prevention and control programmes/interventions.
This population-based cross-sectional study involved 500 adults selected through a six-stage random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics of the respondents. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured by standard procedures. Body mass index was used to assess general obesity while abdominal obesity was assessed through waist circumference. Each respondent was classified under only one of the three patterns: general obesity alone, abdominal obesity alone and combined obesity. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the predictors. Significance was set P<0.05.
Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone was 6.0%. General obesity alone was found among 31.4% and 45.6% were affected by combined obesity. Being a female (AOR:0.35, 95% C.I.: 0.14, 0.88) and not skipping meals (AOR:0.24, 95% C.I.: 0.10, 0.55) were associated with less likelihood of abdominal obesity but ≥3 times daily meal intake increased the risk by 2.52 (AOR:2.52, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.75). Predictors of general obesity alone were age 41-60 years (AOR:1.84, 95% C.I.:1.14, 2.97), being a female (AOR:7.65, 95% C.I.:4.77, 12.26) and having any form of formal education (AOR:2.55, 95% C.I.:1.10, 5.91). Combined obesity was less likely among 41-60 year-olds (AOR:0.36, 95% C.I.:0.23, 0.56) and females (AOR:0.21, 95% C.I.:0.13, 0.32). Never married (AOR:1.94, 95% C.I.:1.03, 3.67) and vigorous physical activities (AOR:1.81, 95% C.I.:1.08, 3.02) increased the risk of combined obesity by almost 2.
Prevalence of abdominal obesity alone, general obesity alone and combined obesity were high. They were functions of age, sex, never married, having any form of formal education, skipping meals, ≥3 daily meal intake and self-reported vigorous physical activity. Focused nutrition and health education are recommended strategies for prevention and control of obesity.
肥胖是一种以脂肪过度堆积和健康风险为特征的复杂疾病。关于尼日利亚农村成年人肥胖模式的流行病学数据匮乏。本研究旨在提供尼日利亚东南部埃努古州三个农村社区成年人中三种肥胖模式（仅腹部肥胖、仅全身肥胖以及两者皆有）的患病率和预测因素的当前数据，以加强特定的肥胖预防和控制计划/干预措施。
这项基于人群的横断面研究通过六阶段随机抽样技术选取了500名成年人。使用问卷获取受访者的社会经济、饮食和生活方式特征数据。通过标准程序测量体重、身高和腰围。体重指数用于评估全身肥胖，而腹部肥胖通过腰围进行评估。每位受访者仅被归类于三种模式之一：仅全身肥胖、仅腹部肥胖和复合型肥胖。采用二元和多变量逻辑回归分析来评估预测因素。显著性设定为P<0.05。
仅腹部肥胖的患病率为6.0%。仅全身肥胖的比例为31.4%，复合型肥胖的比例为45.6%。女性（调整后比值比：0.35，95%置信区间：0.14，0.88）和不挑食（调整后比值比：0.24，95%置信区间：0.10，0.55）与腹部肥胖的可能性较低相关，但每日进餐次数≥3次会使风险增加2.52倍（调整后比值比：2.52，95%置信区间：1.10，5.75）。仅全身肥胖的预测因素为年龄41 - 60岁（调整后比值比：1.84，95%置信区间：1.14，2.97）、女性（调整后比值比：7.65，95%置信区间：4.77，12.26）以及接受过任何形式的正规教育（调整后比值比：2.55，95%置信区间：1.10，5.91）。41 - 60岁人群（调整后比值比：0.36，95%置信区间：0.23，0.56）和女性（调整后比值比：0.21，95%置信区间：0.13，0.32）患复合型肥胖的可能性较小。从未结婚（调整后比值比：1.94，95%置信区间：1.03，3.67）和剧烈体育活动（调整后比值比：1.81，95%置信区间：1.08，3.02）使复合型肥胖的风险增加近2倍。
仅腹部肥胖、仅全身肥胖和复合型肥胖的患病率都很高。它们是年龄、性别、从未结婚、接受过任何形式的正规教育、挑食、每日进餐次数≥3次以及自我报告的剧烈体育活动的函数。建议将有针对性的营养和健康教育作为预防和控制肥胖的策略。
