Nutrition Graduation Course, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Nutr Res. 2022 Aug;104:128-139. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.005. Epub 2022 May 28.
We hypothesized that a plant-based diet, without excluding any specific animal food, may be beneficial for body composition. This study aims to evaluate if the consumption of a plant-based diet affects body composition of adults, through a systematic review of the literature. The review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2021. Cross-sectionals, interventional trials, and cohort studies were included if changes in the body composition were associated with plant-based index (PDI). Meta-analyses were performed using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) even in the absence of statistical heterogeneity. A total of 6680 citations were found in the systematic search, and after the screening process, 12 studies were included. Of the 11 studies evaluating body mass index, 8 provided data of body mass index (BMI) from a total of 134,128 participants among the quantiles of PDI. A meta-analysis was performed (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.17 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.02-0.32). Of the 7 studies that evaluated waist circumference (WC), 4 provided data of WC among the quantiles of PDI from a total of 12,968 participants. As with BMI, the pooled analysis indicated an increase (SMD = 0.50 kg/m²; 95% CI, 0.01-1.00) of WC as greater was the PDI. Both analyses were influenced by a large study, and in the sensitive analysis the significance was lost. Our findings did not reflect an association between a higher PDI and body composition. Also, most studies evaluating total and central adiposity did not find any association with the PDI. Probably, PDI must be considered in the context of food processing, considering that not all vegetable foods are healthy.
我们假设，不排除任何特定动物食品的植物性饮食可能有益于身体成分。本研究旨在通过对文献的系统评价来评估植物性饮食是否会影响成年人的身体成分。该综述按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行报告。文献检索于 2021 年 2 月在 EMBASE、PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 进行。如果与植物性指数（PDI）相关的身体成分发生变化，则纳入横断面研究、干预试验和队列研究。即使缺乏统计学异质性，也使用 DerSimonian 和 Laird 随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，置信区间为 95%。系统搜索共发现 6680 条引文，经过筛选过程，纳入了 12 项研究。在评估体重指数的 11 项研究中，有 8 项提供了来自 PDI 数量级的共 134128 名参与者的体重指数（BMI）数据。进行了荟萃分析（标准化均数差 [SMD] = 0.17 kg/m²；95% CI，0.02-0.32）。在评估腰围（WC）的 7 项研究中，有 4 项提供了来自 PDI 数量级的共 12968 名参与者的 WC 数据。与 BMI 一样，汇总分析表明，随着 PDI 的增加，WC 增加（SMD = 0.50 kg/m²；95% CI，0.01-1.00）。这两个分析都受到一个大型研究的影响，在敏感性分析中，其意义消失。我们的研究结果并未反映出较高的 PDI 与身体成分之间存在关联。此外，大多数评估总体和中心肥胖的研究也未发现 PDI 与这些指标之间存在关联。可能，必须考虑 PDI 在食品加工方面的情况，因为并非所有植物性食物都是健康的。
