Mambrini Sara P, Penzavecchia Claudia, Menichetti Francesca, Foppiani Andrea, Leone Alessandro, Pellizzari Marta, Sileo Federica, Battezzati Alberto, Bertoli Simona, De Amicis Ramona
IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy.
International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Obes Rev. 2025 Jun;26(6):e13901. doi: 10.1111/obr.13901. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
The food system significantly affects the environment through land use, emissions from livestock, deforestation, and food waste. Diet sustainability considers the environmental effects of food production, distribution, and consumption. Animal products emit more greenhouse gases than plant-based foods, prompting a shift towards plant-focused diets for reduced emissions. Sustainable diets, like the EAT-Lancet model, prioritize plant-based foods, adjusting for regional eating habits. These diets aim to be both environmentally friendly and conducive to human health, addressing concerns like obesity and chronic diseases. Obesity is a major global health challenge, and its complex relationship with food production and consumption patterns calls for sustainable solutions to reduce pressure on ecosystems and promote healthier lifestyles. Tackling obesity requires holistic strategies that address not only individual health but also the broader environmental impacts of food systems. A systematic review examined the link between plant-based diets and obesity focusing on studies assessing Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat assessment. Despite limited research, evidence suggests that adherence to a plant-based diet, particularly a healthy one, is associated with lower obesity rates. More longitudinal and intervention studies are necessary for a stronger consensus on the matter.
食物系统通过土地利用、牲畜排放、森林砍伐和食物浪费对环境产生重大影响。饮食可持续性考虑食物生产、分销和消费对环境的影响。动物产品比植物性食物排放更多温室气体，促使人们转向以植物为主的饮食以减少排放。可持续饮食，如EAT-柳叶刀模型，优先选择植物性食物，并根据地区饮食习惯进行调整。这些饮食旨在既环保又有利于人类健康，解决肥胖和慢性病等问题。肥胖是全球主要的健康挑战，其与食物生产和消费模式的复杂关系需要可持续的解决方案，以减轻对生态系统的压力并促进更健康的生活方式。解决肥胖问题需要全面的策略，不仅要关注个人健康，还要考虑食物系统对更广泛环境的影响。一项系统综述研究了以植物为主的饮食与肥胖之间的联系，重点关注评估体重指数（BMI）和体脂的研究。尽管研究有限，但有证据表明，坚持以植物为主的饮食，尤其是健康的植物性饮食，与较低的肥胖率相关。需要更多的纵向研究和干预研究，以便就此事达成更强的共识。
