Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
Curr Biol. 2022 Aug 8;32(15):3245-3260.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.009. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Visual discrimination improves with training, a phenomenon that is thought to reflect plastic changes in the responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). However, the identity of the neurons that undergo change, the nature of the changes, and the consequences of these changes for other visual behaviors remain unclear. We used chronic in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging to monitor the responses of neurons in the V1 of tree shrews learning a Go/No-Go fine orientation discrimination task. We observed increases in neural population measures of discriminability for task-relevant stimuli that correlate with performance and depend on a select subset of neurons with preferred orientations that include the rewarded stimulus and nearby orientations biased away from the non-rewarded stimulus. Learning is accompanied by selective enhancement in the response of these neurons to the rewarded stimulus that further increases their ability to discriminate the task stimuli. These changes persist outside of the trained task and predict observed enhancement and impairment in performance of other discriminations, providing evidence for selective and persistent learning-induced plasticity in the V1, with significant consequences for perception.
视觉辨别能力随着训练而提高，这种现象被认为反映了初级视觉皮层（V1）中神经元反应的可塑性变化。然而，哪些神经元发生了变化、变化的性质以及这些变化对其他视觉行为的影响仍然不清楚。我们使用慢性在体双光子钙成像来监测树鼩 V1 中神经元对 Go/No-Go 精细方向辨别任务的反应。我们观察到与表现相关的神经元群体可辨别性的增加，这些增加与表现相关，取决于一组具有特定偏好方向的神经元，这些神经元包括奖励刺激和偏向非奖励刺激的附近方向。学习伴随着这些神经元对奖励刺激的反应选择性增强，进一步提高了它们辨别任务刺激的能力。这些变化在训练任务之外仍然存在，并预测了其他辨别任务中观察到的增强和损害，为 V1 中选择性和持续的学习诱导可塑性提供了证据，并对感知产生了重大影响。
