Monitoring & Experimental Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilization in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona, Spain; INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 15;843:157022. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157022. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Biochar plays a key role in soil phosphorus (P) forms and distribution by affecting soil biochemical characteristics with relevant effects on the microbial community. In this study, we aimed to study the role of biochar in the variation of microbial community and P forms, and the relationships between soil properties, microbial community, and P forms. Here, we conducted a five-year field experiment NPK minerally fertilized with different application rates of biochar; control (B0, 0 kg ha yr), low rate (B1500, 1500 kg ha yr), medium rate (B3000, 3000 kg ha yr), high rate (B6000, 6000 kg ha yr). Our study showed that the highest increases in bacterial diversity and abundances coincided with increases in P forms typically retained in bacterial cells (β-glucosidase, adenosine monophosphate-AMP, choline phosphate, and glucose-6 phosphate) and occurred at medium application rates. At low application rates, N-fixing and P solubilizing and mineralizing bacteria (Sphingomonas, Haliangium, and Bradyrhizobium) increased. P forms retained in bacterial cells decreased at the highest application rates while the most stable forms such as DNA and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), steadily increased. Stereoisomers of IHP derived from soil microbes (scyllo-IHP and D-chiro-IHP) accounted for the total IHP increases at high application rates. pH and available P and K and total P were highest at high biochar application rates whereas the proportion of organic P was reduced. The most relevant genus in such soils was Gemmatimonas, a polyphosphate accumulating and pyrogenic material degrading bacterium. Therefore, it appears that applying biochar at higher rates reduced the abundance of plant growth promoting bacteria while enhancing the abundance of P accumulating and pyrogenic degrading types.
生物炭通过影响土壤生化特性在土壤磷（P）形态和分布中起着关键作用，并对微生物群落产生相关影响。在本研究中，我们旨在研究生物炭对微生物群落和 P 形态变化的作用，以及土壤特性、微生物群落和 P 形态之间的关系。在这里，我们进行了一项为期五年的田间试验，在该试验中，不同施用量的生物炭与 NPK 矿质肥一起施用；对照（B0，0 kg ha yr）、低用量（B1500，1500 kg ha yr）、中用量（B3000，3000 kg ha yr）、高用量（B6000，6000 kg ha yr）。我们的研究表明，细菌多样性和丰度的最高增加与通常保留在细菌细胞中的 P 形态（β-葡萄糖苷酶、腺嘌呤单磷酸-AMP、胆碱磷酸盐和葡萄糖-6-磷酸）的增加相吻合，并且发生在中用量水平。在低用量水平下，固氮和溶磷、矿化细菌（鞘氨醇单胞菌、海洋杆菌和慢生根瘤菌）增加。在最高用量水平下，保留在细菌细胞中的 P 形态减少，而最稳定的形态，如 DNA 和肌醇六磷酸（IHP），则稳定增加。源自土壤微生物的 IHP 立体异构体（scyllo-IHP 和 D-chiro-IHP）占高用量时 IHP 增加的总量。在高生物炭用量下，pH 值、有效磷和钾以及总磷最高，而有机磷的比例降低。在这些土壤中最相关的属是 Gemmatimonas，它是一种聚磷酸盐积累和热解材料降解细菌。因此，似乎较高的生物炭用量降低了促进植物生长的细菌的丰度，而增强了聚磷和热解降解类型的丰度。
