Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Jun 30;12(7):1022. doi: 10.3390/genes12071022.
Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in the agro-ecosystem is mediated by soil microbes. These microbes regulate the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Little is known about the response of functional traits of phosphorus cycling microbes in soil fertilized with compost manure (derived from domestic waste and plant materials) or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at high and low doses. We used a metagenomics investigation study to understand the changes in the abundance and distribution of microbial phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural farmlands receiving inorganic fertilizers (120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha) or compost manure (8 tons/ha, 4 tons/ha), and in comparison with the control. Soil fertilization with high level of compost (Cp8) or low level of inorganic nitrogen (N1) fertilizer have nearly similar effects on the rhizosphere of maize plants in promoting the abundance of genes involved in phosphorus cycle. Genes such as involved in polyphosphate formation and (for phosphate transportation) are highly enriched in these treatments. These genes facilitate phosphorus immobilization. At a high dose of inorganic fertilizer application or low compost manure treatment, the phosphorus cycling genes were repressed and the abundance decreased. The bacterial families and were very abundant in the high inorganic fertilizer (N2) treated soil, while , , , , , , were most abundant in Cp8. , , and fungi were observed to be dominant in Cp8 and , , , and archaea have the highest percentage occurrence in Cp8. Moreover, N2 treatment, , and were most abundant among fertilized soils. Our findings have brought to light the basis for the manipulation of rhizosphere microbial communities and their genes to improve availability of phosphorus as well as phosphorus cycle regulation in agro-ecosystems.
农业生态系统中磷的生物地球化学循环是由土壤微生物介导的。这些微生物调节土壤中磷的有效性。在高剂量和低剂量施用堆肥（源自家庭废物和植物材料）或无机氮肥时，土壤中磷循环微生物功能特性的响应知之甚少。我们使用宏基因组学研究来了解接受无机肥料（120 kg N/ha，60 kg N/ha）或堆肥（8 吨/ha，4 吨/ha）的农田中微生物磷循环基因的丰度和分布变化，并与对照进行比较。高水平堆肥（Cp8）或低水平无机氮（N1）肥料施肥对玉米根际具有相似的作用，促进与磷循环相关的基因的丰度。涉及多磷酸盐形成的基因（如）和（用于磷酸盐运输）在这些处理中高度富集。这些基因有助于磷固定。在无机肥料高用量或低堆肥处理下，磷循环基因受到抑制，丰度降低。在高剂量无机肥料（N2）处理的土壤中，细菌科和非常丰富，而，，，，，，在 Cp8 中最为丰富。在 Cp8 中观察到，和真菌占主导地位，和古菌在 Cp8 中出现的百分比最高。此外，N2 处理，，和在施肥土壤中最为丰富。我们的发现揭示了操纵根际微生物群落及其基因以提高农业生态系统中磷的有效性和磷循环调控的基础。
