Hu Wenyi, Wang Yueye, Wang Wei, Zhang Xinyu, Shang Xianwen, Liao Huan, Chen Yifan, Huang Yu, Zhang Xueli, Tang Shulin, Yu Honghua, Yang Xiaohong, He Mingguang, Zhu Zhuoting
Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jun 14;14:872967. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.872967. eCollection 2022.
The relationship between sensory impairments and the risk of dementia is inconclusive. We aim to investigate the association of visual impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) with incident dementia.
The UK Biobank study recruited more than 500,000 participants aged 40-69 years across the United Kingdom. Participants with available visual acuity (VA) measurements and speech-reception-threshold (SRT) information and free of dementia at the baseline assessment were included in the analysis. VI was defined as VA worse than 0.3 LogMAR units and HI were defined as an SRT of -5.5 dB or over. DSI was defined as the presence of both VI and HI. Incident dementia was identified through linked data to primary care or hospital admission records and death registries. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the association of VI, HI, and DSI with incident dementia.
Among 113,511 participants (mean age: 56.8 ± 8.09 years, female: 54.4%), a total number of 1,135 (1.00%) cases of incident dementia were identified during a median follow up period of 11.1 years [interquartile range (IQR): 10.9-11.4 years]. The incidence of dementia showed significant differences among the non-sensory impairment (NSI) group, VI-only group, HI-only group, and DSI group ( < 0.001). After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, health, and genetic factors, isolated VI ( = 1.50, 95% : 1.06-2.12, = 0.023), isolated HI ( = 1.42, 95% :1.20-1.69, < 0.001), and DSI ( = 1.82, 95% : 1.10-3.00, = 0.020) were independently associated with higher risks of incident dementia.
Visual, hearing, and dual sensory impairments were associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, suggesting that visual and hearing impairments are modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to prevent dementia.
感觉障碍与痴呆风险之间的关系尚无定论。我们旨在研究视力障碍（VI）、听力障碍（HI）和双重感觉障碍（DSI）与新发痴呆之间的关联。
英国生物银行研究招募了英国各地超过50万名年龄在40 - 69岁的参与者。分析纳入了在基线评估时有可用视力（VA）测量值和言语接受阈值（SRT）信息且无痴呆的参与者。VI被定义为VA比0.3 LogMAR单位差，HI被定义为SRT为-5.5 dB或更高。DSI被定义为同时存在VI和HI。通过与初级保健或医院入院记录以及死亡登记处的关联数据确定新发痴呆。使用多变量Cox比例风险回归模型来检验VI、HI和DSI与新发痴呆之间的关联。
在113,511名参与者（平均年龄：56.8±8.09岁，女性：54.4%）中，在中位随访期11.1年[四分位间距（IQR）：10.9 - 11.4年]内共确定了1,135例（1.00%）新发痴呆病例。痴呆发病率在非感觉障碍（NSI）组、单纯VI组、单纯HI组和DSI组之间存在显著差异（<0.001）。在调整了人口统计学、生活方式、健康和遗传因素后，单纯VI（=1.50，95%：1.06 - 2.12，=0.023）、单纯HI（=1.42，95%：1.20 - 1.69，<0.001）和DSI（=1.82，95%：1.10 - 3.00，=0.020）与新发痴呆的较高风险独立相关。
视力、听力和双重感觉障碍与患痴呆风险增加相关，表明视力和听力障碍是可改变的风险因素，可作为预防痴呆的目标。
