Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Neurol Sci. 2022 Sep 15;440:120316. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120316. Epub 2022 Jun 5.
Given the limited sensitivity of screening methods and the lack of effective therapeutic interventions for malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (also known as GBM), diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for these tumors are rarely performed on a routine basis. Nanostructures with great selectivity, including silica-based nanovehicles, metallic nanostructures, lipid nanoparticles, quantum dots, and polymeric nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to have excellent potential for passing the BBB efficiently. Based on tumor-derived cells, surface modification, encapsulation of contrast agent, bio composition, and functionalities by appropriate coating materials can all be used to take advantage of the photodynamic, magnetic, and optical capabilities of nanostructures. As a result, nanotechnology has revolutionized the detection, screening, as well as treatment of malignancies and brain tumors. In recent years, nanostructures with biomimetic activities have been designed for uptake by tumors in deep cancer regions, with the goal of monitoring and treating the disease. Also, nanostructures are exceptional nano-vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents to their targeted areas due to their special physicochemical properties, which include nanosized dimensions, larger surface area, specific geometrical characteristics, and the capabilities to encompass various substances within their inner parts or on their exterior surface. This paper describes the current developments of several nanostructures such as dendrimers, liposomes, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, micelles, and metallic nanoparticles for efficient detection of GBM as well as drug delivery in GBM treatment. The importance of metallic nanoparticle-based radiosensitization, as well as immunotherapy, as good ways to fight metastasis and GBM growth, will also be discussed.
由于恶性脑肿瘤（如多形性胶质母细胞瘤，也称为 GBM）的筛查方法灵敏度有限，且缺乏有效的治疗干预措施，因此这些肿瘤的诊断和治疗程序很少常规进行。具有高度选择性的纳米结构，包括基于二氧化硅的纳米载体、金属纳米结构、脂质纳米粒子、量子点和聚合物纳米粒子，已被证明具有高效通过血脑屏障的巨大潜力。基于肿瘤衍生细胞，通过适当的涂层材料进行表面修饰、包裹造影剂、生物成分和功能化，都可以利用纳米结构的光动力、磁性和光学特性。因此，纳米技术彻底改变了恶性肿瘤和脑肿瘤的检测、筛查和治疗。近年来，已经设计出具有仿生活性的纳米结构，以便在深部癌症区域被肿瘤吸收，从而达到监测和治疗疾病的目的。此外，由于其特殊的物理化学性质，纳米结构是用于将治疗剂递送到靶向区域的特殊纳米载体，这些性质包括纳米尺寸、更大的表面积、特定的几何特征，以及在其内部或外部表面包含各种物质的能力。本文介绍了几种纳米结构的最新进展，如树状大分子、脂质体、碳点、碳纳米管、胶束和金属纳米颗粒，用于高效检测 GBM 以及在 GBM 治疗中进行药物递送。还将讨论基于金属纳米颗粒的放射增敏作用以及免疫疗法作为对抗转移和 GBM 生长的有效方法的重要性。
