School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.
Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 1;22(1):850. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08215-8.
Artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare presents potential solutions to some of the challenges faced by health systems around the world. However, it is well established in implementation and innovation research that novel technologies are often resisted by healthcare leaders, which contributes to their slow and variable uptake. Although research on various stakeholders' perspectives on AI implementation has been undertaken, very few studies have investigated leaders' perspectives on the issue of AI implementation in healthcare. It is essential to understand the perspectives of healthcare leaders, because they have a key role in the implementation process of new technologies in healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore challenges perceived by leaders in a regional Swedish healthcare setting concerning the implementation of AI in healthcare.
The study takes an explorative qualitative approach. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 with 26 healthcare leaders. The analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis, with an inductive approach.
The analysis yielded three categories, representing three types of challenge perceived to be linked with the implementation of AI in healthcare: 1) Conditions external to the healthcare system; 2) Capacity for strategic change management; 3) Transformation of healthcare professions and healthcare practice.
In conclusion, healthcare leaders highlighted several implementation challenges in relation to AI within and beyond the healthcare system in general and their organisations in particular. The challenges comprised conditions external to the healthcare system, internal capacity for strategic change management, along with transformation of healthcare professions and healthcare practice. The results point to the need to develop implementation strategies across healthcare organisations to address challenges to AI-specific capacity building. Laws and policies are needed to regulate the design and execution of effective AI implementation strategies. There is a need to invest time and resources in implementation processes, with collaboration across healthcare, county councils, and industry partnerships.
人工智能（AI）在医疗保健领域为全球医疗系统面临的一些挑战提供了潜在的解决方案。然而，在实施和创新研究中已经确立，新技术通常会受到医疗保健领导者的抵制，这导致它们的采用速度缓慢且具有变异性。尽管已经对各种利益相关者对 AI 实施的观点进行了研究，但很少有研究调查医疗保健领导者对医疗保健中 AI 实施问题的看法。了解医疗保健领导者的观点至关重要，因为他们在医疗保健新技术的实施过程中起着关键作用。本研究旨在探讨瑞典一个地区医疗保健环境中领导者对 AI 在医疗保健中的实施问题的看法。
本研究采用探索性定性方法。从 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 5 月，对 26 名医疗保健领导者进行了个人半结构化访谈。分析采用定性内容分析法，采用归纳法。
分析产生了三个类别，代表与 AI 在医疗保健中的实施相关的三种类型的挑战：1）医疗系统以外的条件；2）战略变革管理能力；3）医疗保健专业人员和医疗实践的转型。
总之，医疗保健领导者强调了 AI 在医疗保健系统内外及其组织内实施方面的几个挑战。这些挑战包括医疗系统以外的条件、战略变革管理能力以及医疗保健专业人员和医疗实践的转型。结果表明，需要在整个医疗保健组织中制定实施策略，以解决针对 AI 特定能力建设的挑战。需要制定法律和政策来规范有效 AI 实施策略的设计和执行。需要投入时间和资源进行实施过程，并与医疗保健、县议会和行业合作伙伴开展合作。
