Fundación Dr. Nano, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Oftalmólogos Augen, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2022 Jul;97(7):396-401. doi: 10.1016/j.oftale.2021.02.010. Epub 2022 Jan 22.
To evaluate myopia risk factors, mainly outdoor exposure and reading habits, in a country with low prevalence of myopia (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina).
Consecutive children interviewed in a clinical private practice setting were autorefracted under cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%. Their parents consented to fill a questionnaire about schooling, tutorial classes, outdoor exposure, reading habits, and cellphone use, both on weekdays and weekends. The Spanish questionnaire was based on past English questionnaires of myopia clinical trials. The spherical equivalent of the right eye was used for the refractive distribution. The average daily hours spent for each activity were calculated.
This study involved 115 children aged 10.48 ± 3.65 years (range 5-18 years), with 56.5% being girls. Children had 8 h of schooling per day in 62.6% of cases, and only 14.8 % had tutorial classes after school. There were 38.3% myopes (<-0.50 D), 24.3% hyperopes (>+2.00 D) and the rest were emmetropes. The mean time that these children spent outdoors per day was 3.94 ± 1.45 h (27.60 ± 10.16 h per week). The total mean time spent reading and writing per day was 1.50 ± 0.98 h, and that spent using cellphones and tablets was 2.43 ± 1.66 h.
In an environment with low myopia prevalence, children spend almoast 4 h per day outdoors, much more than the usual recommendation of 2 h a day for myopia prevention.
评估近视危险因素，主要是户外活动和阅读习惯，在一个近视患病率较低的国家（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省）。
在一家私人临床诊所，对连续接受睫状肌麻痹剂环戊通验光的儿童进行调查。他们的父母同意填写一份关于学校教育、辅导班、户外活动、阅读习惯和手机使用情况的问卷，包括工作日和周末。西班牙问卷基于过去的英语近视临床试验问卷。右眼的等效球镜用于屈光分布。计算了每种活动的平均每天时间。
本研究涉及 115 名年龄为 10.48±3.65 岁（年龄 5-18 岁）的儿童，其中 56.5%为女孩。62.6%的儿童每天上学 8 小时，只有 14.8%的儿童放学后有辅导班。有 38.3%的儿童为近视（<-0.50 D），24.3%的儿童为远视（>+2.00 D），其余为正视。这些儿童每天户外活动的平均时间为 3.94±1.45 小时（每周 27.60±10.16 小时）。每天阅读和写作的总平均时间为 1.50±0.98 小时，使用手机和平板电脑的时间为 2.43±1.66 小时。
在近视患病率较低的环境中，儿童每天户外活动时间近 4 小时，远高于每天 2 小时预防近视的推荐时间。
