Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2021 Jul;104(5):595-601. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878833. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
: Investigation of refractive errors amongst Swedish schoolchildren will help identify risk factors associated with myopia development.: Genetic and hereditary aspects have been linked with the development of myopia. Nevertheless, in the case of 'school myopia' some authors suggest that environmental factors may affect gene expression, causing school myopia to soar. Additional understanding about which environmental factors play a relevant role can be gained by studying refractive errors in countries like Sweden, where prevalence of myopia is expected to be low.: Swedish schoolchildren aged 8-16 years were invited to participate. Participants underwent an eye examination, including cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) measurements. Predictors such as time spent in near work, outdoor activities and parental myopia were obtained using a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50D and hyperopia as SER ≥ +0.75D.: A total of 128 children (70 females and 58 males) participated in this study with mean age of 12.0 years (SD = 2.4). Based on cycloplegic SER of the right eye, the distribution of refractive errors was: hyperopia 48.0% (CI95 = 38.8-56.7), emmetropia 42.0% (CI95 = 33.5-51.2) and myopia 10.0%. (CI95 = 4.4-14.9). The mean AL was 23.1 mm (SD = 0.86), there was a correlation between SER and AL, r = -0.65 (p < 0.001). Participants with two myopic parents had higher myopia and increased axial length than those with one or no myopic parents. The mean time spent in near work, outside of school, was 5.3 hours-per-day (SD = 3.1), and mean outdoor time reported was 2.6 hours-per-day (SD = 2.2) for all the participants. The time spent in near work and outdoor time were different for different refractive error categories.: The prevalence of myopia amongst Swedish schoolchildren is low. Hereditary and environmental factors are associated with refractive error categories. Further studies with this sample are warranted to investigate how refractive errors and environmental factors interact over time.
: 对瑞典学童的屈光不正进行调查有助于确定与近视发展相关的风险因素。: 遗传和遗传方面与近视的发展有关。然而，在“学校近视”的情况下，一些作者认为环境因素可能会影响基因表达，导致学校近视的发病率飙升。通过研究像瑞典这样近视发病率预计较低的国家的屈光不正，可以进一步了解哪些环境因素起重要作用。: 邀请 8-16 岁的瑞典学童参加。参与者接受了眼部检查，包括睫状肌麻痹验光和眼轴（AL）测量。使用问卷获得了诸如近距离工作时间、户外活动和父母近视等预测因素。近视定义为等效球镜（SER）≤-0.50D，远视定义为 SER≥+0.75D。: 共有 128 名儿童（70 名女性和 58 名男性）参加了这项研究，平均年龄为 12.0 岁（SD=2.4）。根据右眼睫状肌麻痹 SER，屈光不正的分布为：远视 48.0%（95%CI=38.8-56.7），正视 42.0%（95%CI=33.5-51.2）和近视 10.0%（95%CI=4.4-14.9）。平均 AL 为 23.1mm（SD=0.86），SER 与 AL 之间存在相关性，r=-0.65（p<0.001）。有两个近视父母的参与者比有一个或没有近视父母的参与者近视程度更高，眼轴更长。所有参与者平均每天近距离工作时间（在校外）为 5.3 小时（SD=3.1），平均每天户外活动时间为 2.6 小时（SD=2.2）。: 瑞典学童的近视患病率较低。遗传和环境因素与屈光不正类别有关。需要对该样本进行进一步研究，以调查屈光不正和环境因素如何随时间相互作用。
