Dr Umme Rakiba Jahan, Registrar, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
Mymensingh Med J. 2022 Jul;31(3):656-665.
Congenital anomalies are one of the four leading causes of neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. The risk factors which are predictive of congenital anomaly in babies vary from country to country. In a developing country like Bangladesh many possible factors are present which should be identified & frequency needs to be assessed to understand the burden. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns and related maternal factors of fetal congenital anomaly. This cross-sectional type of comparative study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from September 2019 to August 2020. All the births occurring in the labor room were recorded. All newborn babies born with congenital anomalies were identified & included in this study. The rate of congenital anomalies was estimated and common types of congenital anomalies were noted. This study was conducted involving all women who had babies with congenital anomalies and the same number whose babies had no congenital anomalies. A structured questionnaire was used during data collection. Data was analyzed by Chi square test, bivariate analysis & multivariate logistic regression using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. During the study period, 11479 deliveries were conducted. Among them 87 cases with congenital anomalies were identified. Frequency of congenital anomaly was 0.8%. Central nervous system was the predominant system involved (49.4%). Regarding risk assessment, Maternal age >30 years (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.10-7.93, p value 0.032), consanguinity (OR 7.73, 95% CI 1.79-33.39, p value 0.006), first degree relative with history of congenital anomaly (OR 35.52, 95% CI 4.31-292.86, p value 0.001) and no intake of folic acid (OR 15.99, 95% CI 5.28-48.52, p value <0.001), passive smoking (OR 6.45, 95% CI 1.66-25.09, p value 0.007) were independent risk factors for congenital anomalies.
先天性畸形是孟加拉国新生儿死亡的四个主要原因之一。预测婴儿先天性畸形的风险因素因国家而异。在孟加拉国这样的发展中国家，存在许多可能的因素，需要加以识别，并评估其频率，以了解其负担。本研究旨在确定胎儿先天性畸形的模式和相关的母体因素。这是一项在孟加拉国迈门辛医科大学医院妇产科进行的横断面型对照研究，时间为 2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 8 月。记录了产房内发生的所有分娩。所有出生时患有先天性畸形的新生儿均被识别并纳入本研究。估计了先天性畸形的发生率，并注意到常见的先天性畸形类型。本研究涉及所有生育有先天性畸形婴儿的妇女，以及生育无先天性畸形婴儿的相同数量的妇女。在数据收集过程中使用了结构化问卷。使用 Chi 平方检验、双变量分析和多元逻辑回归分析对数据进行分析，使用的统计软件是社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）版本 26.0。在研究期间，进行了 11479 次分娩。其中，有 87 例先天性畸形。先天性畸形的发生率为 0.8%。中枢神经系统是最常见的受累系统（49.4%）。在风险评估方面，母亲年龄 >30 岁（OR 2.96，95%CI 1.10-7.93，p 值 0.032）、近亲结婚（OR 7.73，95%CI 1.79-33.39，p 值 0.006）、一级亲属有先天性畸形史（OR 35.52，95%CI 4.31-292.86，p 值 0.001）和未摄入叶酸（OR 15.99，95%CI 5.28-48.52，p 值 <0.001）、被动吸烟（OR 6.45，95%CI 1.66-25.09，p 值 0.007）是先天性畸形的独立危险因素。
