“肠道健康”和大众媒体中的微生物组：内容分析。
'Gut health' and the microbiome in the popular press: a content analysis.
机构信息
Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 29;11(7):e052446. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052446.
OBJECTIVE
Extensive research and important discoveries on the microbiome have led to a growth in media coverage. This study explores how the microbiome has been portrayed in press sources popular among American and Canadian audiences.
DESIGN
Content analysis.
METHODS
Using the FACTIVA Database, we compiled a finalised data set of (N=830) articles from press sources popular among American and Canadian audiences which were published between 1 January 2018 and 11 October 2019 and which contained at least one of the following search terms: 'microbiome', 'microbiota', 'gut health', 'healthy gut', 'unhealthy gut', 'gut bacteria', 'probiotic' or 'probiotics.' We performed content analysis on the articles to determine how often ideas of the microbiome were presented as beneficial, in which health contexts, and whether actions could be taken to reap stated benefits. We compared this portrayal of benefits with critical portrayals of the microbiome.
RESULTS
Almost all of the articles (94%) described health benefits associated with the microbiome with many (79%) describing actions which could be taken to reap stated benefits. Articles most often described health benefits in more broad, general context (34%) and most commonly outlined actions related to food/drug (45%) as well as probiotic (27%) intake. Only some articles (19%) provided microbiome-related critiques or limitations. Some of the articles (22%) were focused on highlighting specific research developments, and in these articles, critiques or limitations were more common.
CONCLUSIONS
Articles discussing the microbiome published for American and Canadian audiences typically hype the microbiome's impact and popularise gut health trends while only offering a little in the way of communicating microbiome science. Lifestyle choices including nutrition, taking probiotics, stress management and exercise are often promoted as means of reaping the microbiome-related health benefits. The trend of actionable 'gut health' is foregrounded over more evidence-based descriptions of microbiome science.
目的
对微生物组的广泛研究和重要发现导致媒体报道的增加。本研究探讨了微生物组在受美国和加拿大观众欢迎的新闻来源中的描述方式。
设计
内容分析。
方法
使用 FACTIVA 数据库，我们从受美国和加拿大观众欢迎的新闻来源中编制了一个最终数据集（N=830），这些文章于 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 10 月 11 日期间发表，其中至少包含以下搜索词之一：“微生物组”、“微生物群”、“肠道健康”、“健康肠道”、“不健康肠道”、“肠道细菌”、“益生菌”或“益生菌”。我们对文章进行了内容分析，以确定微生物组的观点在何种情况下被描述为有益的，以及是否可以采取行动来获得所述益处。我们将这种益处的描述与微生物组的批判性描述进行了比较。
结果
几乎所有的文章（94%）都描述了与微生物组相关的健康益处，其中许多文章（79%）描述了可以采取的行动来获得所述益处。文章最常描述的是更广泛、更一般的健康背景下的健康益处（34%），最常见的是与食物/药物（45%）以及益生菌（27%）摄入相关的行动。只有少数文章（19%）提供了与微生物组相关的批评或限制。一些文章（22%）专注于突出特定的研究进展，在这些文章中，批评或限制更为常见。
结论
为美国和加拿大观众讨论微生物组的文章通常夸大了微生物组的影响，并推广了肠道健康趋势，而只是在传达微生物组科学方面提供了很少的信息。包括营养、服用益生菌、压力管理和锻炼在内的生活方式选择经常被宣传为获得与微生物组相关的健康益处的手段。可操作的“肠道健康”趋势优先于更基于证据的微生物组科学描述。
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