Tomasi A M, Lee H, Myers S
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Apr;156(4):1015-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90379-6.
The hemodynamic response to continuous intravenous infusion of nicotine, at 4.5 and 18 micrograms/min, was measured using radiolabeled microspheres in nine chronically catheterized pregnant guinea pigs. These gave serum nicotine levels of 72.3 +/- 6.6 ng/ml and 315 +/- 32 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), respectively. During low-dose nicotine infusion there was no significant change in cardiac output, its distribution, or uteroplacental blood flow. During high-dose nicotine infusion, cardiac output fell from 257.8 +/- 30.9 ml/min to 212.7 +/- 19.3 ml/min (p less than 0.05) and uteroplacental blood flow fell from 31.2 +/- 3.1 ml/min to 22.3 +/- 2.4 ml/min (p less than 0.05). During control, low-dose, and high-dose periods, serum epinephrine levels rose from control value of 60.2 +/- 2.6 to 98.9 +/- 35 and 1200 +/- 295 pg/ml (p less than 0.05 low dose versus high dose) and serum norepinephrine levels did not change significantly during nicotine infusion. Hence at nicotine levels 20 times but not at two to five times those seen in smokers, modest reductions in cardiac output and uteroplacental blood flow were observed.
采用放射性微球技术，对9只长期插管的妊娠豚鼠静脉持续输注尼古丁（4.5微克/分钟和18微克/分钟）时的血流动力学反应进行了测量。这分别使血清尼古丁水平达到72.3±6.6纳克/毫升和315±32纳克/毫升（平均值±标准误）。在低剂量尼古丁输注期间，心输出量、其分布或子宫胎盘血流量均无显著变化。在高剂量尼古丁输注期间，心输出量从257.8±30.9毫升/分钟降至212.7±19.3毫升/分钟（p<0.05），子宫胎盘血流量从31.2±3.1毫升/分钟降至22.3±2.4毫升/分钟（p<0.05）。在对照、低剂量和高剂量期间，血清肾上腺素水平从对照值60.2±2.6升至98.9±35和1200±295皮克/毫升（低剂量与高剂量相比，p<0.05），在尼古丁输注期间血清去甲肾上腺素水平无显著变化。因此，在尼古丁水平为吸烟者的20倍而非2至5倍时，观察到心输出量和子宫胎盘血流量有适度降低。
