Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China.
Medical Data Center, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 15;13:926143. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926143. eCollection 2022.
To what extent patients undergoing long-term T2D treatment are affected by dietary salt intake has not been completely investigated.
We aimed to investigate the influence of dietary salt intakes on T2D treatment, including glucose-lowering effect and indices related to T2D progression.
The study recruited 1090 patients with T2D at Ningbo City First Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2021. We compared their one-year follow-up outcomes in terms of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, obesity, and prevalence of retinopathy and neuropathy among groups with different dietary salt intakes.
The 1090 patients consisted of 287(26.3%) decreasing-, 190(17.4%) increasing-, 175(16.0%) steadily low-, 243(22.3%) steadily medium-, and 195(17.9%) steadily high-dietary salt intake patients. Compared to increasing-, steadily medium-, and steadily high-dietary salt intake patients, decreasing and steadily low salt intake led to lower baseline FBG, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), BMI, and visceral fat area (VFA) (all p<0.05), to a larger decrease in FBG, HbA1c, SBP, BMI, and VFA after one-year treatment (all p<0.05), as well as to a slightly lower prevalence of retinopathy and a significantly lower prevalence of neuropathy. The steadily low salt patients had lower urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UAR) both at baseline and after treatment. Notably, the fasting insulin in the steadily low salt group was higher than the remaining groups after treatment (p<0.01).
The present study concludes that lowered dietary salt intake benefits T2D treatment in multiple aspects, including main treatment targets such as FBG and HbA1c, and indices reflecting potential complications of T2D, including BMI, VFA, SBP, UAR, retinopathy, and neuropathy.
www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03811470.
长期接受 T2D 治疗的患者受膳食盐摄入量的影响程度尚未完全确定。
我们旨在研究膳食盐摄入量对 T2D 治疗的影响，包括降糖效果和与 T2D 进展相关的指标。
本研究纳入了 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 30 日在宁波市第一医院就诊的 1090 例 T2D 患者。我们比较了不同膳食盐摄入量组患者在一年随访期间的空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血压、肥胖以及视网膜病变和神经病变的患病率。
1090 例患者中，287 例（26.3%）为盐摄入量降低组、190 例（17.4%）为盐摄入量增加组、175 例（16.0%）为盐摄入量稳定低组、243 例（22.3%）为盐摄入量稳定中组、195 例（17.9%）为盐摄入量稳定高组。与盐摄入量增加组、稳定中组和稳定高组相比，盐摄入量降低组和稳定低组的基线 FBG、HbA1c、收缩压（SBP）、BMI 和内脏脂肪面积（VFA）均较低（均 P<0.05），一年治疗后 FBG、HbA1c、SBP、BMI 和 VFA 的下降幅度更大（均 P<0.05），视网膜病变的患病率略低，神经病变的患病率显著降低。稳定低盐组的尿白蛋白/肌酐比值（UAR）在基线和治疗后均较低。值得注意的是，治疗后稳定低盐组的空腹胰岛素高于其余各组（P<0.01）。
本研究表明，降低膳食盐摄入量有益于 T2D 治疗的多个方面，包括 FBG 和 HbA1c 等主要治疗目标以及 BMI、VFA、SBP、UAR、视网膜病变和神经病变等反映 T2D 潜在并发症的指标。
