Burgoyne Alexander P, Saba-Sadiya Sari, Harris Lauren Julius, Becker Mark W, Brascamp Jan W, Hambrick David Z
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Psychol Res. 2023 Apr;87(3):800-815. doi: 10.1007/s00426-022-01699-3. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
The self-generation effect refers to the finding that people's memory for information tends to be better when they generate it themselves. Counterintuitively, when proofreading, this effect may make it more difficult to detect mistakes in one's own writing than in others' writing. We investigated the self-generation effect and sources of individual differences in proofreading performance in two eye-tracking experiments. Experiment 1 failed to reveal a self-generation effect. Experiment 2 used a studying manipulation to induce overfamiliarity for self-generated text, revealing a weak but non-significant self-generation effect. Overall, word errors (i.e., wrong words) were detected less often than non-word errors (i.e., misspellings), and function word errors were detected less often than content word errors. Fluid intelligence predicted proofreading performance, whereas reading comprehension, working memory capacity, processing speed, and indicators of miserly cognitive processing did not. Students who made more text fixations and spent more time proofreading detected more errors.
人们对自己生成的信息的记忆往往更好。与直觉相反的是，在校对时，这种效应可能会使人们更难发现自己写作中的错误，而不是他人写作中的错误。我们在两项眼动追踪实验中研究了自我生成效应以及校对表现中个体差异的来源。实验1未能揭示出自我生成效应。实验2采用了一种学习操作来诱导对自我生成文本的过度熟悉，揭示出一种微弱但不显著的自我生成效应。总体而言，单词错误（即用词错误）比非单词错误（即拼写错误）被检测到的频率更低，功能词错误比实词错误被检测到的频率更低。流体智力预测了校对表现，而阅读理解、工作记忆容量、处理速度以及吝啬认知加工指标则没有。进行更多文本注视且花费更多时间校对的学生检测到的错误更多。
