Sanjeevi Namrata, Freeland-Graves Jeanne H, Wright Gary Joe
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2023 Feb;123(2):276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.223. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Despite the potential role of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in mitigating the adverse effects of food insecurity on oral health, to our knowledge, no study has examined whether WIC participation could modify the association between food insecurity with caries in young children.
Our aim was to investigate the impact of WIC participation in modifying the association between food insecurity and early childhood caries.
This was a cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Using 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, children aged 2 through 5 years; with household income ≤185% of the Federal Poverty Level; and with data on WIC participation, food security, and dental examinations were included (n = 1,921).
Food-security status and WIC participation were the study exposures.
Total and untreated dental caries were the main outcome measures.
Logistic regression examined associations of food security (household-level and child-level) and WIC participation with odds of caries. Interactions between food security and WIC participation were examined using multiplicative interaction terms.
Marginal child food security was significantly related to higher odds of total caries in income-eligible WIC nonparticipants (odds ratio 1.92; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.46); however, this relationship was not observed in WIC participants. Furthermore, food insecurity was significantly associated with greater odds of untreated caries only among income-eligible WIC nonparticipants (odds ratio 1.79; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.85).
In this sample of preschool-aged children, the relationship of food insecurity with caries differed by WIC participation status. Findings suggest that WIC participation could improve the oral health of income-eligible children with lower levels of food security.
尽管妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）在减轻粮食不安全对口腔健康的不利影响方面可能发挥作用，但据我们所知，尚无研究探讨参与WIC是否会改变粮食不安全与幼儿龋齿之间的关联。
我们的目的是调查参与WIC对改变粮食不安全与幼儿龋齿之间关联的影响。
这是一项横断面研究。
参与者/研究背景：使用2011 - 2018年国家健康和营养检查调查数据，纳入2至5岁儿童；家庭收入≤联邦贫困线的185%；且有WIC参与情况、粮食安全状况和牙科检查数据（n = 1921）。
粮食安全状况和WIC参与情况为研究暴露因素。
龋齿总数和未治疗龋齿数为主要结局指标。
逻辑回归分析粮食安全（家庭层面和儿童层面）和WIC参与情况与患龋几率的关联。使用乘法交互项检验粮食安全与WIC参与之间的交互作用。
在符合收入条件的非WIC参与者中，儿童边缘性粮食安全与龋齿总数几率较高显著相关（比值比1.92；95%置信区间1.07至3.46）；然而，在WIC参与者中未观察到这种关系。此外，仅在符合收入条件的非WIC参与者中，粮食不安全与未治疗龋齿几率较高显著相关（比值比1.79；95%置信区间1.12至2.85）。
在这个学龄前儿童样本中，粮食不安全与龋齿的关系因WIC参与状况而异。研究结果表明，参与WIC可以改善粮食安全水平较低但符合收入条件的儿童的口腔健康。
