Shirley Matt
Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
Drugs. 2022 Jun;82(9):989-999. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01733-z. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
The introduction of multi-valent pneumococcal vaccines around the world, such as the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), has had a significant effect in reducing the burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection globally. However, S. pneumoniae serotypes not covered by PCV13 still cause significant disease. A 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20; Prevnar20; Apexxnar) has recently been licensed for active immunisation for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae in adults. PCV20 contains all components of PCV13 with the addition of polysaccharide conjugates of seven more serotypes, selected based on their generalised geographic distribution and relative prevalence as a cause of pneumococcal disease. The immunogenicity of PCV20 in adults has been demonstrated in a well-designed program of clinical trials which showed that PCV20 administered as a single dose by intramuscular injection induced robust immune responses to all 20 S. pneumoniae serotypes covered by the vaccine. PCV20 was well tolerated, with a tolerability and safety profile similar to that for PCV13. By expanding the coverage of disease-causing S. pneumoniae serotypes relative to other PCVs, PCV20 presents a valuable new tool with the potential to further reduce the impact of pneumococcal disease.
全球范围内多价肺炎球菌疫苗的引入，如13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV13），在减轻全球范围内由肺炎链球菌感染引起的疾病负担方面产生了显著效果。然而，PCV13未涵盖的肺炎链球菌血清型仍会导致严重疾病。一种20价肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV20；沛儿20；Apexxnar）最近已获许可用于成人主动免疫，以预防由肺炎链球菌引起的侵袭性疾病和肺炎。PCV20包含PCV13的所有成分，并添加了另外七种血清型的多糖结合物，这些血清型是根据其广泛的地理分布和作为肺炎球菌疾病病因的相对流行率选择的。PCV20在成人中的免疫原性已在精心设计的临床试验方案中得到证实，该方案表明，通过肌肉注射单剂量PCV20可诱导对疫苗涵盖的所有20种肺炎链球菌血清型产生强烈的免疫反应。PCV20耐受性良好，其耐受性和安全性与PCV13相似。相对于其他肺炎球菌疫苗，PCV20扩大了对致病肺炎链球菌血清型的覆盖范围，是一种有价值的新工具，有可能进一步降低肺炎球菌疾病的影响。
