Chen Chih-Ho, Chen Chyi-Liang, Su Lin-Hui, Chen Chih-Jung, Tsai Ming-Han, Chiu Cheng-Hsun
Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2497611. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2497611. Epub 2025 Apr 27.
Two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV15 and PCV20, were licensed in June 2021. PCV15 includes two additional serotypes (22F, 33F) beyond those in PCV13, while PCV20 adds seven more (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, 33F), covering approximately 30% of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in adults. In June 2023, the US CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended either PCV15 or PCV20 for all children aged < 5 years and children aged 2‒18 years with risk conditions. In June 2024, the FDA approved PCV21 for adults ≥ 18 years. In October 2024, ACIP recommended either PCV20 or PCV21 alone or PCV15 with PPSV23 for adults ≥ 50 years or 19-49 years with risk conditions. These advancements highlight the evolving landscape of pneumococcal vaccination. This review examines the molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal infections, advancements in diagnostic methods, and the anticipated public health impact of these vaccines in reducing pneumococcal disease burden.
两种肺炎球菌结合疫苗，即PCV15和PCV20，于2021年6月获得许可。PCV15在PCV13的血清型基础上增加了两种额外的血清型（22F、33F），而PCV20又增加了七种（8、10A、11A、12F、15B、22F、33F），覆盖了约30%的成人侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）病例。2023年6月，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议为所有5岁以下儿童以及有风险状况的2至18岁儿童接种PCV15或PCV20。2024年6月，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了用于18岁及以上成人的PCV21。2024年10月，ACIP建议为50岁及以上成人或有风险状况的19至49岁成人单独接种PCV20或PCV21，或接种PCV15加23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（PPSV23）。这些进展凸显了肺炎球菌疫苗接种领域的不断演变。本综述探讨了肺炎球菌感染的分子流行病学、诊断方法的进展以及这些疫苗在减轻肺炎球菌疾病负担方面预期的公共卫生影响。
