Barbeau Dominique J, Martin Judith M, Carney Emily, Dougherty Emily, Doyle Joshua D, Dermody Terence S, Hoberman Alejandro, Williams John V, Michaels Marian G, Alcorn John F, Paul Duprex W, McElroy Anita K
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
NPJ Vaccines. 2022 Jul 6;7(1):77. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00504-x.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S received emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2020/2021. Individuals being vaccinated were invited to participate in a prospective longitudinal comparative study of immune responses elicited by the three vaccines. In this observational cohort study, immune responses were evaluated using a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain ELISA, SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization assays and an IFN- γ ELISPOT assay at various times over six months following initial vaccination. mRNA-based vaccines elicited higher magnitude humoral responses than Ad26.COV2.S; mRNA-1273 elicited the most durable humoral response, and all humoral responses waned over time. Neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant were of lower magnitude than the wild-type strain for all three vaccines. mRNA-1273 initially elicited the greatest magnitude of T cell response, but this declined by 6 months. Declining immunity over time supports the use of booster dosing, especially in the setting of emerging variants.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗BNT162b2、mRNA-1273和Ad26.COV2.S于2020年/2021年获得美国食品药品监督管理局的紧急使用授权。接种疫苗的个体受邀参与一项关于这三种疫苗引发的免疫反应的前瞻性纵向比较研究。在这项观察性队列研究中，在初次接种后的六个月内的不同时间，使用SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白受体结合域酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、SARS-CoV-2病毒中和试验和γ干扰素酶联免疫斑点试验（IFN-γ ELISPOT）评估免疫反应。基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的疫苗引发的体液反应强度高于Ad26.COV2.S；mRNA-1273引发的体液反应最为持久，且所有体液反应均随时间减弱。对于所有三种疫苗，针对德尔塔变异株的中和抗体强度均低于野生型毒株。mRNA-1273最初引发的T细胞反应强度最大，但到6个月时有所下降。随着时间推移免疫力下降支持使用加强剂量，尤其是在出现变异株的情况下。
