Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology (REES), Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Alma Mater Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(57):86744-86758. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21725-6. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
The main objective of this paper is to look at how environmental degradation in the form of climate change and air pollution affect international tourism for five countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) over the years 1990-2019. Other independent variables include information and communication technology (ICT) and democracy. We also look at the role of environmental regulation to see the validity of porter hypothesis in the tourism sector. To achieve this objective, we apply a novel method of moments quantile regression approach as well as a robust causality technique. The result shows that at lower and medium quantile, CO emission has positive impact on tourism while at higher quantile, CO emission has negative but insignificant effect on tourism in BRICS countries. The result for PM2.5 is uniform across all the quantiles, showing the negative effect on tourism. ICT and human capital positively affect the tourism while democracy has negative impact on the tourism sector of the BRICS nations. The result also validated the Porter hypothesis for tourism sector. We conclude that tourism industry stakeholders and the environmental policymakers must work together to integrate tourism policies with BRICS countries' environmental conservation policies as part of the transition to sustainable tourism industry.
本文的主要目的是研究气候变化和空气污染等环境恶化形式如何影响巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非（金砖国家）在 1990 年至 2019 年期间的国际旅游业。其他自变量包括信息和通信技术（ICT）和民主。我们还研究了环境监管的作用，以检验波特假说在旅游部门的有效性。为了实现这一目标，我们应用了一种新的矩分位数回归方法和稳健的因果关系技术。结果表明，在较低和中等分位数，二氧化碳排放对旅游业有积极影响，而在较高分位数，二氧化碳排放对金砖国家旅游业有负面影响，但不显著。对于 PM2.5，所有分位数的结果都是一致的，表明对旅游业有负面影响。信息和通信技术和人力资本对旅游业有积极影响，而民主对金砖国家旅游业有负面影响。结果还验证了波特假说在旅游部门的有效性。我们的结论是，旅游行业利益相关者和环境政策制定者必须共同努力，将旅游政策与金砖国家的环境保护政策相结合，作为向可持续旅游业转型的一部分。
