Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tbriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Psychotherapy, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), 1 Ostrovityanova St., 117997, Moscow, Russia.
J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 6;20(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03492-7.
In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on the impact of microbial populations inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract on human health and disease. According to the involvement of microbiota in modulating physiological processes (such as immune system development, vitamins synthesis, pathogen displacement, and nutrient uptake), any alteration in its composition and diversity (i.e., dysbiosis) has been linked to a variety of pathologies, including cancer. In this bidirectional relationship, colonization with various bacterial species is correlated with a reduced or elevated risk of certain cancers. Notably, the gut microflora could potentially play a direct or indirect role in tumor initiation and progression by inducing chronic inflammation and producing toxins and metabolites. Therefore, identifying the bacterial species involved and their mechanism of action could be beneficial in preventing the onset of tumors or controlling their advancement. Likewise, the microbial community affects anti-cancer approaches' therapeutic potential and adverse effects (such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy). Hence, their efficiency should be evaluated in the context of the microbiome, underlining the importance of personalized medicine. In this review, we summarized the evidence revealing the microbiota's involvement in cancer and its mechanism. We also delineated how microbiota could predict colon carcinoma development or response to current treatments to improve clinical outcomes.
近年来，人们越来越关注栖息在胃肠道中的微生物群体对人类健康和疾病的影响。根据微生物群在调节生理过程（如免疫系统发育、维生素合成、病原体置换和营养吸收）中的作用，其组成和多样性（即失调）的任何改变都与多种病理学有关，包括癌症。在这种双向关系中，各种细菌物种的定植与某些癌症的风险降低或升高有关。值得注意的是，肠道微生物群可能通过诱导慢性炎症和产生毒素和代谢物，在肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥直接或间接作用。因此，确定涉及的细菌种类及其作用机制可能有助于预防肿瘤的发生或控制其进展。同样，微生物群落也会影响抗癌方法的治疗潜力和不良反应（如免疫疗法和化疗）。因此，应该在微生物组的背景下评估它们的效率，这突显了个性化医疗的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了揭示微生物群参与癌症及其机制的证据。我们还描述了微生物群如何预测结肠癌的发展或对当前治疗的反应，以改善临床结果。
