Mo Sisi, Ru Haiming, Huang Maosen, Cheng Linyao, Mo Xianwei, Yan Linhai
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2022 Feb 4;15:747-759. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S344321. eCollection 2022.
It is widely recognized that microbial disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of many malignant tumors. The oral and intestinal tract are two of the overriding microbial habitats in the human body. Although they are anatomically and physiologically continuous, belonging to the openings at both ends of the digestive tract, the oral and intestinal microbiome do not cross talk with each other due to a variety of reasons, including intestinal microbial colonization resistance and chemical barriers in the upper digestive tract. However, this balance can be upset in certain circumstances, such as disruption of colonization resistance of gut microbes, intestinal inflammation, and disruption of the digestive tract chemical barrier. Evidence is now accruing to suggest that the oral microbiome can colonize the gut, leading to dysregulation of the gut microbes. Furthermore, the oral-gut microbes create an intestinal inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment conducive to tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we review the oral to intestinal microbial transmission and the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment, induced by oral-gut axis microbes in the gut. A superior comprehension of the contribution of the oral-intestinal microbes to CRC provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of CRC in the future.
人们普遍认识到，微生物紊乱参与了许多恶性肿瘤的发病机制。口腔和肠道是人体两个主要的微生物栖息地。尽管它们在解剖学和生理学上是连续的，属于消化道两端的开口，但由于多种原因，包括肠道微生物定植抗性和上消化道的化学屏障，口腔和肠道微生物群之间不会相互交流。然而，在某些情况下，这种平衡可能会被打破，例如肠道微生物定植抗性的破坏、肠道炎症以及消化道化学屏障的破坏。现在有越来越多的证据表明，口腔微生物群可以定植于肠道，导致肠道微生物失调。此外，口腔-肠道微生物会在肠道中营造一种有利于结直肠癌（CRC）发生和进展的肠道炎症和免疫抑制微环境。在此，我们综述了口腔到肠道的微生物传播以及由口腔-肠道轴微生物在肠道中诱导产生的炎症和免疫抑制微环境。对口腔-肠道微生物对CRC的作用有更深入的理解，为未来CRC的预防和治疗提供了新的见解。
